Cerebral Cortex and Basal Ganglia Flashcards
Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain
Gyri
Small grooves dividing the gyri
Sulci
Divides the frontal from the parietal lobe
Central Sulcus
Deep grooves, generally dividing large
regions/lobes of the brain
Fissures
Divides the two cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Transverse Fissure
Divides the temporal lobe from the frontal
and parietal lobes
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions: •Motor •Integrative functions •Memory Formation •Emotions •Decision Making/Reasoning •Personality
Frontal Lobe
BRODMANN AREAS (BA) relate specifically to motor activities
Brodmann’s areas 4, 6, 8, and 44
BRODMANN AREAS (BA) imprecisely determined functions involved in the initiation of planned action and executive control of all mental operations, including emotional expression
BA 9 to 12 and 45 to 47
BRODMANN AREAS (BA)
connected with the ocular and other brainstem motor nuclei
With identical areas of the other cerebral hemisphere through the corpus callosum
BA 8 and 6
BRODMANN AREAS (BA) primary sensory cortex projects to the superior parietal lobule
BA 5
BRODMANN AREAS (BA) contains cells that are activated by the homolateral geniculocalcarine pathway
BA 17
Frontal components of the limbic system and take part in the control of respiration, blood pressure, peristalsis, and other autonomic functions
medial-orbital gyriand anterior parts of the cingulated gyri
Provide most of the cerebral efferent motor system that forms the pyramidalor corticospinaltract
frontal agranular cortex
Play an integral role in the following functions:
Hearing
Organization/Comprehension of language
Information Retrieval (Memory and Memory Formation)
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for hearing
Primary Auditory Cortex
Interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs
Primary Olfactory Cortex
Language comprehension. Located on the LEFT temporal lobe.
Wernicke’s Area
White matter tract that connects Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area through the Temporal, Parietal and Frontal Lobes
Arcuate fasciculus
Acoustic or receptive aspects of language
Superior part of the dominant temporal lobe
great integrator of “sensations, emotions, and behavior”
Temporal Lobe
site where sensory modalities are integrated into ultimate self-awareness
Temporal Lobe
It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:
Senses and integrates sensation(s)
Spatial awareness and perception
(Proprioception -Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)
Parietal Lobe
Involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information
Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus)
Assists with the integration and interpretation of sensations relative to body position and orientation in space. May assist with visuo-motor coordination
Somatosensory Association Cortex
Primary site involved with the interpretation of the sensation of Taste
Primary Gustatory Cortex
____________ receives most of its afferent projections from the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, which is the terminus of the _____________ pathways
postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) ascending somatosensory
understanding of spokenand writtenwordsis partly a function of the
supramarginal and angular gyri of the dominantparietallobe
Its primary function is the processing, integration, and interpretation of VISION and visual stimuli
Occipital Lobe
essential for visual perception and recognition
termini of the geniculocalcarine pathways
Is a large collection of gray matter within the hemispheres
Basal Ganglia
It is comprised by a network of subcortical nuclei of the telencephalon, subthalamus and midbrain
Basal Ganglia
It influences the lower motor neurons indirectly through the modulation of cerebral cortex and brainstem
Basal Ganglia
Play a role in the automatic execution of learned motor plan and in the preparation for movement
Basal Ganglia
Non-motor function of the basal ganglia
Cognitive Function
Emotion and Motivation Function
Nuclei found on each of the hemispheres
• The caudate • The putamen • The globus pallidus Thesubstantia nigra Thesubthalamic nucleus nucleus accumbens septi olfactory tubercle
Composition of corpus striatum
Caudate
Putamen
GLobus pallidus
Compostion of Striatum, Dorsal Striatum and Neostriatum
Caudate
Putamen
Compostion of Ventral Striatum
Caudate
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens
Olfactory Tubercle
Composition of Pallidum, paleostriatum
Globus pallidus
Composition of Lentiform Nuceleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Activation of this pathway leads to net disinhibitory (facilitatory) effect on the thalamus and an increase in motor behavior
Direct pathway
Activation of this pathway leads to increased inhibition of the thalamus and decreased motor activity
Indirect pathway
