Cerebral Cortex and Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain

Answer 1

Gyri

Question 2

Small grooves dividing the gyri

Answer 2

Sulci

Question 3

Divides the frontal from the parietal lobe

Answer 3

Central Sulcus

Question 4

Deep grooves, generally dividing large

regions/lobes of the brain

Answer 4

Fissures

Question 5

Divides the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 5

Longitudinal fissure

Question 6

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Answer 6

Transverse Fissure

Question 7

Divides the temporal lobe from the frontal

and parietal lobes

Answer 7

Sylvian/Lateral Fissure

Question 8

It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
•Motor
•Integrative functions
•Memory Formation
•Emotions
•Decision Making/Reasoning
•Personality

Answer 8

Frontal Lobe

Question 9

BRODMANN AREAS (BA)
relate specifically to motor activities

Answer 9

Brodmann’s areas 4, 6, 8, and 44

Question 10

BRODMANN AREAS (BA)
imprecisely determined functions
involved in the initiation of planned action and executive control of all mental operations, including emotional expression

Answer 10

BA 9 to 12 and 45 to 47

Question 11

BRODMANN AREAS (BA)
connected with the ocular and other brainstem motor nuclei
With identical areas of the other cerebral hemisphere through the corpus callosum

Answer 11

BA 8 and 6

Question 12

BRODMANN AREAS (BA)
primary sensory cortex projects to the superior parietal lobule

Answer 12

BA 5

Question 13

BRODMANN AREAS (BA)
contains cells that are activated by the homolateral geniculocalcarine pathway

Answer 13

BA 17

Question 14

Frontal components of the limbic system and take part in the control of respiration, blood pressure, peristalsis, and other autonomic functions

Answer 14

medial-orbital gyriand anterior parts of the cingulated gyri

Question 15

Provide most of the cerebral efferent motor system that forms the pyramidalor corticospinaltract

Answer 15

frontal agranular cortex

Question 16

Play an integral role in the following functions:
Hearing
Organization/Comprehension of language
Information Retrieval (Memory and Memory Formation)

Answer 16

Temporal Lobe

Question 17

Responsible for hearing

Answer 17

Primary Auditory Cortex

Question 18

Interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs

Answer 18

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Question 19

Language comprehension. Located on the LEFT temporal lobe.

Answer 19

Wernicke’s Area

Question 20

White matter tract that connects Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area through the Temporal, Parietal and Frontal Lobes

Answer 20

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 21

Acoustic or receptive aspects of language

Answer 21

Superior part of the dominant temporal lobe

Question 22

great integrator of “sensations, emotions, and behavior”

Answer 22

Temporal Lobe

Question 23

site where sensory modalities are integrated into ultimate self-awareness

Answer 23

Temporal Lobe

Question 24

It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:
Senses and integrates sensation(s)
Spatial awareness and perception
(Proprioception -Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)

Answer 24

Parietal Lobe

Question 25

Involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information

Answer 25

Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus)

Question 26

Assists with the integration and interpretation of sensations relative to body position and orientation in space. May assist with visuo-motor coordination

Answer 26

Somatosensory Association Cortex

Question 27

Primary site involved with the interpretation of the sensation of Taste

Answer 27

Primary Gustatory Cortex

Question 28

____________ receives most of its afferent projections from the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, which is the terminus of the _____________ pathways

Answer 28

``` postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) ascending somatosensory ```

Question 29

understanding of spokenand writtenwordsis partly a function of the

Answer 29

supramarginal and angular gyri of the dominantparietallobe

Question 30

Its primary function is the processing, integration, and interpretation of VISION and visual stimuli

Answer 30

Occipital Lobe

Question 31

essential for visual perception and recognition

Answer 31

termini of the geniculocalcarine pathways

Question 32

Is a large collection of gray matter within the hemispheres

Answer 32

Basal Ganglia

Question 33

It is comprised by a network of subcortical nuclei of the telencephalon, subthalamus and midbrain

Answer 33

Basal Ganglia

Question 34

It influences the lower motor neurons indirectly through the modulation of cerebral cortex and brainstem

Answer 34

Basal Ganglia

Question 35

Play a role in the automatic execution of learned motor plan and in the preparation for movement

Answer 35

Basal Ganglia

Question 36

Non-motor function of the basal ganglia

Answer 36

Cognitive Function | Emotion and Motivation Function

Question 37

Nuclei found on each of the hemispheres

Answer 37

``` • The caudate • The putamen • The globus pallidus Thesubstantia nigra Thesubthalamic nucleus nucleus accumbens septi olfactory tubercle ```

Question 38

Composition of corpus striatum

Answer 38

Caudate Putamen GLobus pallidus

Question 39

Compostion of Striatum, Dorsal Striatum and Neostriatum

Answer 39

Caudate | Putamen

Question 40

Compostion of Ventral Striatum

Answer 40

Caudate Putamen Nucleus accumbens Olfactory Tubercle

Question 41

Composition of Pallidum, paleostriatum

Answer 41

Globus pallidus

Question 42

Composition of Lentiform Nuceleus

Answer 42

Putamen | Globus pallidus

Question 43

Activation of this pathway leads to net disinhibitory (facilitatory) effect on the thalamus and an increase in motor behavior

Answer 43

Direct pathway

Question 44

Activation of this pathway leads to increased inhibition of the thalamus and decreased motor activity

Answer 44

Indirect pathway