Gross Anatomy of the Brain Flashcards
Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System?
Central NS
Peripheral NS
Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Activates muscles and glands
Nervous System
Regions of the Brain
Cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Extends from the Frontal to Occipital bones; above the anterior and middle cranial fossae; and posteriorly above the tentoriumcerebelli
Cerebrum
Hemispheres are separated by a deep cleft –Longitudinal fissure
Cerebrum
The surface of the Cerebrum is made of ____ and ____
Ridges (Gyri) and grooves (Sulci)
Motor area and seat of mental activities of the Cerebrum
Frontal Lobe
Somesthetic area of the Cerebrum
Parietal Lobe
Visual Center of the Cerebrum
Occipital Lobe
Hearing center of the Cerebrum
Temporal Lobe
Contains functional centersfor the integrationof all information passing from the brainstem and spinal cord to the cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
The Diencephalon is subdivided into 4 parts, which are?
Thalamus
Shypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Almost completely hidden from the surface of the brain and consists of a dorsal Thalamus and a ventral Hypothalamus
Diencephalon
large mass of gray matter that lies on either side of the Third ventricle
Thalamus
Forms the lower part of the lateral wall and floor of the Third ventricle
Hypothalamus
T or F:
Receives precortical sensory input from all sensory systems except the olfactory.
T
Cavityof diencephalon, bordered bilaterally by the thalamus and hypothalamus
Third Ventricle
Connection between thalami
Interthalamic adhesion
Lies within the floor and ventral part of the walls of the third ventricle
Hypothalamus
The Hypothalamus subserves 3 systems, which are?
Autonomic NS
Endocrine
Limbic
Stalk like part of the brain ; located in the posterior cranial fossa.
Brainstem
The Brainstem consists of?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Narrow part of the brain that passes through the tentorialnotch and connects the forebrain to the hindbrain
Midbrain
The Midbrain comprises two lateral parts called the Cerebral peduncles; each of these is divided into an anterior part – ______, and a posterior part – _______
Comprises two lateral parts called the Cerebral peduncles; each of these is divided into an anterior part – CRUS CEREBRI , and a posterior part –TEGMENTUM
Part of the midbrain posterior to the cerebral aqueduct
Tectum
The Tectum has four surface swellings, which are?
Two superior and two inferior colliculi
Small glandular structure that lies between the superior colliculi; attached by a stalk to the region of the posterior wall of the third ventricle
Pineal Body
Shortest part of the brainstem and contains the nuclei of the Oculomotor and Trochlear nerves. Centers associated with auditory, visual and pupillary reflexes.
Midbrain
The Midbrain is known to be with centers associated with?
Auditory, visual, and pupillary reflexes
Situated on the anterior surface of the cerebellum below the midbrain and above the medulla oblongata
Pons
Composed mainly of nerve fibers connecting the 2 parts of cerebellum; and ascending and descending fibers connecting the forebrain, midbrain and spinal cord
Pons
Forms the floor of the rostral part of the 4th ventricle
Pons
Contains nuclei related to the Trigeminal, Abducent ,Facial and Vestibulocochlearnerves
Pons
Centers associated with mastication, eye movements, facial expression, blinking, salivation, equilibrium and audition.
Pons
Conical in shape and connects the Pons above to the Spinal cord below
Medulla Oblongata
Median fissure is present on the anterior surface and on each side of this is a swelling called the Pyramidwhich tapers below forming the Decussation of the Pyramid
Medulla Oblongata
On the posterior surface of the inferior part of the medulla oblongata are the _____ and _______
Gracile and Cuneatetubercles
This forms the caudal floorof the 4th ventricle
Medulla Oblongata
Contains nuclei related to Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory and Hypoglossal nerves
Medulla Oblongata
Centers associated with deglutition, coughing, vomiting, salivation, tongue movements, respiration and circulation
Medulla Oblongata
Consisting Corpora Quadrigemina
Tectum
The floor of the 4th ventricle divisible is into two parts, which are?
Pontine and medullary
Caudal tip of the 4th ventricle
Obex
On either side of the posterior median sulcus is the ______
Gracile tubercle
T or F:
Lateral to each gracile tubercle is the CUNEATE TUBERCLE
T
Lies within the posterior cranial fossa beneath the Tentorium cerebelli; situated posterior to the Pons and medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
The Cerebellum consists of two hemispheres connected by a median portion called?
Vermis
Influences thetimingand force of contractionsof voluntary muscles–smooth, coordinated movements
Cerebellum
What Lobe?
Paleocerebellum or Spinocerebellum–limbs via spinal connections
Anterior Lobe
What Lobe?
Neocerebellum or Cerebrocerebellum–cerebral cortex
Posterior Lobe
What Lobe?
Archicerebellum or Vestibulocerebellum–vestibular apparatus
Floculonodular lobe
Located above tentorium cerebelli
Supratentorial Level
Located belowtentorium cerebellibut aboveforamen magnum
Infratentorial / Posterior fossa level
Located below foramen magnum but contained within the vertebral column
Spinal level
Located outside the skull and vertebral column
Peripheral level
