Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
These disorders are believed to be neurologically based.
Neurodevelopmental disorders
These disorders originate in childhood, although the full presentation of the problem may manifest in later years.
Neurodevelopmental disorders
They often persist through adulthood and are lifelong problems.
Neurodevelopmental disorders
IQ for mental retardation.
Below 70
The two major dysfunctions in intellectual disability.
Adaptive and intellectual functioning
What are the spheres of adaptive functioning?
- Conceptual (academic): memory, language, math
- Social: awareness, communication, social judgement
- Practical: learning and self management of life
It involves repeating the speech of others and was once thought to be a sign of autism spectrum disorder.
Echolalia
What are the 3 characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
What are the subtypes of ADHD?
Inattention subtype, hyperactive/impulsive subtype, and combined subtype
More research is needed on this type of disorder in girls as previous studies focused on boys.
ADHD
Children with this disorder are first identified as different from their peers around age 3 or 4; they are described as active, mischievous, slow to toilet train, and oppositional by their parents.
ADHD
Although the manifestations of this disorder change as people grow older, many of their problems persist.
ADHD
This disorder is more common in families in which one person has the disorder.
ADHD
This disorder has strong genetic rule but does not rule out any role for the environment. The psychological and social dimensions of this disorder may further influence the disorder itself.
ADHD
A combined approach treatment, biological and psychosocial, is the most effective treatment for this disorder.
ADHD
This disorder requires 6 or more symptoms that persisted for at least 6 months in children and adolescents.
ADHD
This disorder requires at least 5 symptoms in older adults and adolescents (age 17 and older).
AD
This disorder requires that several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before turning 12 years old.
ADHD
This disorder requires that several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in 2 or more settings.
ADHD
The impulsiveness in this disorder may reflect a desire for immediate rewards or an inability to delay gratification.
ADHD
This disorder begins in childhood.
ADHD
If there is a known genetic cause, such as Fragile X syndrome or 33q11 deletion syndrome, this disorder should still be diagnosed.
ADHD
The generalized fidgetiness of this disorder, which can include tics, can be mistaken from frequent multiple tics in Tourette’s disorder.
ADHD
Performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, IQ, and education.
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)
This disorder should not be caused by sensory difficulty.
SLD
This disorder use specifiers for disorders of reading, written expression, or mathematics to highlight specific problems for remediation.
SLD
The causes of this disorder include genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors.
SLD
This disorder is thought to be caused by genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors.
SLD
This disorder requires educational intervention. Biological (drug) treatment is typically restricted to those individuals who may have comorbid ADHD.
SLD
Learning difficulties persist in the presence of adequate educational opportunity and exposure to the same instruction as the peer group, and competency in the language of instruction.
SLD
These learning difficulties can occur in the presence of normal levels of intellectual functioning (i.e. IQ score of at least 70 +- 5).
SLD
Difficulties learning and using academic skills as indicated by the presence of at least one of the symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months.
SLD
This disorder involves difficulties in social communication with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This disorder appear to not have a single cause. Instead, a number of biological contributions may combine with psychosocial influences.
ASD
No completely effective treatment exists for this disorder.
ASD
Most efforts at treating people with this disorder focus on enhancing their communication (in lieu of eliminating social communication problems) and daily living skills and on reducing problem behaviors, such as tantrums and self-injury.
ASD
The severity for this disorder is based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
ASD
People with this disorder has significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning.
Intellectual Disability (ID)
This disorder has difficulties in 3 domains: conceptual, social, and practical.
ID
This disorder can be caused by environmental, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.
ID
The most common chromosomal form of Intellectual Disability, which is caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome.
Down Syndrome
The second common chromosomally related cause of ID, which is caused by an abnormality on the X chromosome.
Fragile X Syndrome
Severity is defined on the basis of adaptive functioning for this disorder.
ID
This disorder requires completing standardized assessments prior to the diagnosis.
ID
