Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

These disorders are believed to be neurologically based.

Answer 1

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 2

These disorders originate in childhood, although the full presentation of the problem may manifest in later years.

Answer 2

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 3

They often persist through adulthood and are lifelong problems.

Answer 3

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 4

IQ for mental retardation.

Answer 4

Below 70

Question 5

The two major dysfunctions in intellectual disability.

Answer 5

Adaptive and intellectual functioning

Question 6

What are the spheres of adaptive functioning?

Answer 6

1. Conceptual (academic): memory, language, math
2. Social: awareness, communication, social judgement
3. Practical: learning and self management of life

Question 7

It involves repeating the speech of others and was once thought to be a sign of autism spectrum disorder.

Answer 7

Echolalia

Question 8

What are the 3 characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer 8

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 9

What are the subtypes of ADHD?

Answer 9

Inattention subtype, hyperactive/impulsive subtype, and combined subtype

Question 10

More research is needed on this type of disorder in girls as previous studies focused on boys.

Answer 10

ADHD

Question 11

Children with this disorder are first identified as different from their peers around age 3 or 4; they are described as active, mischievous, slow to toilet train, and oppositional by their parents.

Answer 11

ADHD

Question 12

Although the manifestations of this disorder change as people grow older, many of their problems persist.

Answer 12

ADHD

Question 13

This disorder is more common in families in which one person has the disorder.

Answer 13

ADHD

Question 14

This disorder has strong genetic rule but does not rule out any role for the environment. The psychological and social dimensions of this disorder may further influence the disorder itself.

Answer 14

ADHD

Question 15

A combined approach treatment, biological and psychosocial, is the most effective treatment for this disorder.

Answer 15

ADHD

Question 16

This disorder requires 6 or more symptoms that persisted for at least 6 months in children and adolescents.

Answer 16

ADHD

Question 17

This disorder requires at least 5 symptoms in older adults and adolescents (age 17 and older).

Answer 17

AD

Question 18

This disorder requires that several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before turning 12 years old.

Answer 18

ADHD

Question 19

This disorder requires that several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in 2 or more settings.

Answer 19

ADHD

Question 20

The impulsiveness in this disorder may reflect a desire for immediate rewards or an inability to delay gratification.

Answer 20

ADHD

Question 21

This disorder begins in childhood.

Answer 21

ADHD

Question 22

If there is a known genetic cause, such as Fragile X syndrome or 33q11 deletion syndrome, this disorder should still be diagnosed.

Answer 22

ADHD

Question 23

The generalized fidgetiness of this disorder, which can include tics, can be mistaken from frequent multiple tics in Tourette’s disorder.

Answer 23

ADHD

Question 24

Performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, IQ, and education.

Answer 24

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Question 25

This disorder should not be caused by sensory difficulty.

Answer 25

SLD

Question 26

This disorder use specifiers for disorders of reading, written expression, or mathematics to highlight specific problems for remediation.

Answer 26

SLD

Question 27

The causes of this disorder include genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors.

Answer 27

SLD

Question 28

This disorder is thought to be caused by genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors.

Answer 28

SLD

Question 29

This disorder requires educational intervention. Biological (drug) treatment is typically restricted to those individuals who may have comorbid ADHD.

Answer 29

SLD

Question 30

Learning difficulties persist in the presence of adequate educational opportunity and exposure to the same instruction as the peer group, and competency in the language of instruction.

Answer 30

SLD

Question 31

These learning difficulties can occur in the presence of normal levels of intellectual functioning (i.e. IQ score of at least 70 +- 5).

Answer 31

SLD

Question 32

Difficulties learning and using academic skills as indicated by the presence of at least one of the symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months.

Answer 32

SLD

Question 33

This disorder involves difficulties in social communication with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.

Answer 33

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 34

This disorder appear to not have a single cause. Instead, a number of biological contributions may combine with psychosocial influences.

Answer 34

ASD

Question 35

No completely effective treatment exists for this disorder.

Answer 35

ASD

Question 36

Most efforts at treating people with this disorder focus on enhancing their communication (in lieu of eliminating social communication problems) and daily living skills and on reducing problem behaviors, such as tantrums and self-injury.

Answer 36

ASD

Question 37

The severity for this disorder is based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.

Answer 37

ASD

Question 38

People with this disorder has significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning.

Answer 38

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Question 39

This disorder has difficulties in 3 domains: conceptual, social, and practical.

Answer 39

ID

Question 40

This disorder can be caused by environmental, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.

Answer 40

ID

Question 41

The most common chromosomal form of Intellectual Disability, which is caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome.

Answer 41

Down Syndrome

Question 42

The second common chromosomally related cause of ID, which is caused by an abnormality on the X chromosome.

Answer 42

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 43

Severity is defined on the basis of adaptive functioning for this disorder.

Answer 43

ID

Question 44

This disorder requires completing standardized assessments prior to the diagnosis.

Answer 44

ID