Anxiety, Trauma, and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 1

A theory for understanding the development of anxiety comprises three vulnerabilities: generalized biological vulnerability (diathesis), generalized psychological vulnerability, and specific psychological vulnerability. What is this?

Answer 1

Triple Vulnerability Theory

Question 2

A disorder present for at least 6 months characterized by excessive anxiety and worry. Symptoms include mental agitation, muscle tension, susceptibility to fatigue, some irritability, and difficulty sleeping.

Answer 2

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 3

T or F: Only one physical symptom is needed for children to meet GAD, while for adults, at least 3 symptoms are needed.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

A disorder wherein an individual worries about minor or trivial, everyday life events even without a trigger. They find it difficult to turn off or control the worry process.

Answer 4

GAD

Question 5

T or F: Most people come for treatment in GAD compared to panic disorder.

Answer 5

F

Question 6

The majority of cases in GAD show that onset is early in ___ as an immediate response to life stressors.

Answer 6

Adulthood

Question 7

Which is better to treat GAD in the long run: psychological and cognitive-behavioral treatments or drugs?

Answer 7

Psychological and cognitive-behavioral treatments. Drug is better used for short-term relief of anxiety

Question 8

Fear and avoidance of situations in which a person feels unsafe or unable to escape to get home or to a hospital in the event of a developing panic, panic-like symptoms, or other physical symptoms.

Answer 8

Agoraphobia

Question 9

What textbook edition of DSM were panic disorder and agoraphobia integrated into one disorder?

Answer 9

DSM-IV

Question 10

T or F: Agoraphobic avoidance can be one way of coping with severe, unexpected panic attacks.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

This refers to a cluster of avoidant behaviors which it involves removing oneself from situations or activities that might produce the physical arousal that somehow resembles the beginnings of a panic attack (e.g. avoiding exercise because it increases cardiovascular activity or faster respiration)

Answer 11

Interoceptive avoidance

Question 12

People with GAD are also called ___ due to their low levels of autonomic reactions (e.g. heart palpitations)

Answer 12

Autonomic restrictors

Question 13

T or F: People with GAD constantly worry even without a trigger or precipitant.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

T or F: Cued panic attacks include a trigger.

Answer 14

T

Question 15

At least one of the attacks is followed by ___ month or more of being persistently worried about the next panic attack or its consequences.

Answer 15

1

Question 16

A type of inhibitory neurotransmitter that has a significant effect on the development of GAD, which plays a major role in mood regulation and prevention of action by other neurotransmitters.

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

To be diagnosed with GAD, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance should be persistent, typically lasting for ___ months or more.

Answer 17

6

Question 18

To meet the diagnosis of agoraphobia, people should fear or anxiety in ___ or more situations, which does not fall under the same category (e.g. fear of riding a train and bus belongs to the same category of public transportation).

Answer 18

2

Question 19

T or F: In this cluster of disorders, anxiety should blow out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the situation.

Answer 19

T

Question 20

One of the most stressful places for people with agoraphobia today is the ____, which is called the modern-day agora.

Answer 20

Shopping malls

Question 21

What are the two psychological treatments that are highly effective for treating PD?

Answer 21

Panic control treatment (PCT) and cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT)

Question 22

A type of specific phobia in which you have an irrational fear of enclosed spaces or places.

Answer 22

Claustrophobia

Question 23

What treatment is best recommended for people with specific phobia?

Answer 23

Structured and consistent exposure-based exercises and most of them should be under therapeutic supervision

Question 24

The act of separating from the parents or attachment figure provokes unrealistic and persistent worry as well as excessive fear.

Answer 24

Separation anxiety disorder

Question 25

The main concern of this disorder is the resulting negative evaluation and criticism from people around you. As a result, people with this disorder fear or worry of social situations in which they are exposed to possible scrutiny.

Answer 25

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia

Question 26

This part of the brain plays a major role in GAD, PD, and SAD, which functions to regulate or control emotions.

Answer 26

Amygdala

Question 27

The development of this disorder could be a projection of repressed emotions or conflicts.

Answer 27

Specific phobia

Question 28

What's the main difference between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD)?

Answer 28

Duration. If symptoms persist for about 3 days to 1 month after experiencing something traumatic, that's ASD. If it's more than 1 month, then it's PTSD.

Question 29

When memories occur suddenly, accompanied by strong emotions, the victims with PTSD find themselves reliving the event. They are said to be having ____.

Answer 29

Flashbacks

Question 30

T or F: People with PTSD can experience dissociation and do not necessarily react with the experiencing or hyperactivity characteristics of PTSD.

Answer 30

T

Question 31

T or F: Criterion A4 of PTSD which is experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television movies, or pictures unless it is work related.

Answer 31

T

Question 32

T or F: To be diagnosed with PTSD, you must directly experience the traumatic event such as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one or more ways.

Answer 32

F, it can include witnessing, in person, the events as they occurred to others and learning that the events occurred to a close relative or close friend (must be violent or accidental)

Question 33

What are the two parts of the brain that can explain the etiology or development of PTSD?

Answer 33

Hippocampus (memories) and amygdala (emotions)

Question 34

It is a psychoanalytic technique that involves reliving emotional trauma to relieve emotional suffering. This can be used to treat PTSD.

Answer 34

Catharsis

Question 35

Abnormal activity in norepinephrine, which is a neurotransmitter that plays role in alertness, arousal, decision making, and attention, can explain the development of this disorder.

Answer 35

PTSD