Introduction Flashcards
T or F: No one criterion has yet been developed that fully defines a psychological disorder.
T
This refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
Dysfunction
T or F: Distress and suffering are a natural part of life and do not in themselves constitutes a psychological disorder.
T
T or F: Most psychological disorders are not extreme expressions of otherwise normal emotions, behaviors, and cognitive processes.
F
What are the criteria that defines a psychological disorder?
Dysfunction, Distress, Danger, and Deviance
A criterion that means violating social norms even if many people are sympathetic to one’s point of view.
Deviance
T or F: If an extreme behavior is accepted by some people, but not tolerated by other members of the society satisfies the criteria for a psychological disorder.
F, 4Ds must be present to meet the criteria for abnormality
The most widely accepted definition of psychological disorder, “behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment” is used in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
False, DSM 5
Although health professionals will never be able to satisfactorily define disease or disorder. There is a best way to consider how the disorder matches a “typical” profile of a disorder. That is when most or all symptoms present that experts would agree are part of the disorder. What do you call this?
Prototype
Severity is one of the additional dimensional estimates of specific disorders in DSM 4.
False, DSM 5
It is the scientific study of psychological disorder.
Psychopathology
T or F: A Psy.D. degree focuses on clinical training, whereas a Ph.D. integrates clinical and research training.
T
Are clinical psychologists allowed to prescribe medications?
No, only psychiatrists who have M.D. degrees and specialization in psychiatry during residency training, are allowed to prescribe medications.
What are the 3 functions of mental health practitioners as scientist-practitioners?
Consumer of science, evaluator of science, and creator of science
This refers to the number of people in the population as a whole who have the disorder.
Prevalence
This refers to the statistics on how many new cases occur during a given period.
Incidence
This refers to the percentage of males and females who have the disorder.
Sex ratio
This refers to a course of disorder that tends to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime.
Chronic
This refers to a course of disorder in that the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time. (e.g. mood disorders)
Episodic
This refers to a course of disorder that will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence.
Time-limited
T or F: The episodic course has chances of recurrence at a later date.
T
This refers to an onset that begins suddenly.
Acute
This refers to an onset that develops gradually over an extended period of time.
Insidious
This refers to an anticipated course of a disorder.
Prognosis
What makes developmental psychopathology different from developmental psychology?
Developmental psychopathology focuses on the changes in abnormal behavior over time.
This refers to the study of origins and has to do with why a disorder begins. It also includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions.
Etiology
This refers to the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.
Clinical description
During this century, supernatural forces such as demons and witches were believed to be the cause of abnormal behavior, which they refer to as madness or evil.
14th century until 15th century (Middle Ages)
It was also during the 14th and 15th centuries that insanity was believed to be a natural phenomenon and can be curable. What could be the cause behind it?
Mental or emotional stress