Neurobiology Flashcards

1
Q

which gene codes for serotonin transporter

A

5HTT

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2
Q

Function of adverse/defensive system

A

promote survival in the event of threat

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3
Q

which neurotransmitter is involved in the adverse/defensive system

A

serotonin

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4
Q

function of the appetitive/approach system

A

to mediate seeking and approach behaviours

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5
Q

which neurotransmitter is involved in the appetitive/approach system

A

dopamine

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6
Q

what neurotransmitter is over active in schizophrenia

A

dopamine

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7
Q

which neurotransmitter is low in depression

A

serotonin

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8
Q

what are the 4 main dopaminergic systems in the brain

A

substantia nigra
tuberoinfundibular
mesocortical
mesolimbic

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9
Q

what is the substantia nigra system responsible for

A

movement

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10
Q

what happens if dopamine is blocked in substantia nigra

A

Parkinsonism

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11
Q

what is tuberoinfundibulnar system responsible for

A

prolactin

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12
Q

what happens if tuberoinfundibulnar system is blocked

A

hyperprolactin

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13
Q

what is mesocortical system responsible for

A

motivation + emotion

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14
Q

what is mesolimbic system responsible for

A

reward

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15
Q

mechanism of psychosis

A

overactivity of dopamine in mesocortical + mesolimbic systems

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16
Q

what happens in relation to dopamine in depression

A

mesolimbic blockade

17
Q

main inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

18
Q

main excitory neurotransmitter

A

glutamate

19
Q

how does extreme depression affect cortisol

A

increased ACTH
increased secretion of cortisol
enlarged adrenal glands

20
Q

dexamethasone suppression test findings in severe depression

A

50-70% do not suppress cortisol

21
Q

how does extreme depression affect thyroid axis

A

increased TRH

TSH réponse to TRH is blunted

22
Q

brain changes in depression

A

smaller frontal lobes

decreased hippocampal volume

23
Q

brain changes in schizophrenia

A

ventricular enlargement

reduced frontal lobe + grey matter volume

24
Q

why is there reduced grey matter in schizophrenia

A

DECREASED SYNAPSES

- not less neurones

25
Q

brain changes during a panic attack

A

increased metabolism in parahippocampal gyrus

26
Q

brain changes in social anxiety

A

increased amydgala activity