Neurobio Flashcards
Where in a neutron does an action potential begin?
Axon hillock then axon initial segment.
What is the name for the immune cells of the CNS?
Microglia
Sodium has a ______ concentration and potassium has a ______ concentration outside the neuron.
Higher then lower.
What must be reached during depolarisation for an action potential to occur?
Threshold
Which group of cells coat axons in myelin?
Glial cells
Name the 7 main areas of the CNS.
Spinal cord, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diecephalon and cerebral hemisphere.
What does the soma of a neuron do?
Integrates input signals and converts them to output signals.
What is the name for the cells with a nutritive and support function in the CNS?
Astroglia
Briefly describe the stages of an action potential.
RMP, rising phase (depolarisation, overshoot, falling phase (repolarisation), undershoot (hyperpolarisation, sometimes), back to RMP.
What happens to voltage-gated channels during depolarisation?
They known, allowing Na+ in and K+ out.
What happens at nodes of Ranvier?
Breaks in myelin where many Na+ and K+ channels are expressed.
What are the 2 main types of receptors that neurotransmitters bond to in the postsynaptic cell?
Ionotropic and metabotropic.
Which transmitters allow Na+ influx and drive RMP towards the AP threshold?
Excitatory
Which transmitters allow Cl- influx and drive RMP away from the AP threshold?
Inhibitory
How is movement controlled?
The contraction of skeletal, striated muscles.
Joints are usually arranged as ______ pairs.
Antagonistic
Which reflex controls movements and antigravity?
Stretch (myotatic)
Which reflex produces withdrawal in response to harmful stimuli?
Flexor
Flexor is a ___synaptic reflex and stretch is ___synaptic reflex.
Poly then mono
Which neural networks in the spinal cord generate locomotion?
Central pattern generators
Which higher brain centre is involved in complex and fine, precise movements?
Motor cortex
Which higher brain centre is involved in selection and facilitation of voluntary movements?
Basal ganglia
Which higher brain centre is involved in coordination of movements, ‘motor learning,’ and error correction?
Cerebellum
