Neurobio

Question 1

Where in a neutron does an action potential begin?

Answer 1

Axon hillock then axon initial segment.

Question 2

What is the name for the immune cells of the CNS?

Answer 2

Microglia

Question 3

Sodium has a ______ concentration and potassium has a ______ concentration outside the neuron.

Answer 3

Higher then lower.

Question 4

What must be reached during depolarisation for an action potential to occur?

Answer 4

Threshold

Question 5

Which group of cells coat axons in myelin?

Answer 5

Glial cells

Question 6

Name the 7 main areas of the CNS.

Answer 6

Spinal cord, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diecephalon and cerebral hemisphere.

Question 7

What does the soma of a neuron do?

Answer 7

Integrates input signals and converts them to output signals.

Question 8

What is the name for the cells with a nutritive and support function in the CNS?

Answer 8

Astroglia

Question 9

Briefly describe the stages of an action potential.

Answer 9

RMP, rising phase (depolarisation, overshoot, falling phase (repolarisation), undershoot (hyperpolarisation, sometimes), back to RMP.

Question 10

What happens to voltage-gated channels during depolarisation?

Answer 10

They known, allowing Na+ in and K+ out.

Question 11

What happens at nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 11

Breaks in myelin where many Na+ and K+ channels are expressed.

Question 12

What are the 2 main types of receptors that neurotransmitters bond to in the postsynaptic cell?

Answer 12

Ionotropic and metabotropic.

Question 13

Which transmitters allow Na+ influx and drive RMP towards the AP threshold?

Answer 13

Excitatory

Question 14

Which transmitters allow Cl- influx and drive RMP away from the AP threshold?

Answer 14

Inhibitory

Question 15

How is movement controlled?

Answer 15

The contraction of skeletal, striated muscles.

Question 16

Joints are usually arranged as ______ pairs.

Answer 16

Antagonistic

Question 17

Which reflex controls movements and antigravity?

Answer 17

Stretch (myotatic)

Question 18

Which reflex produces withdrawal in response to harmful stimuli?

Answer 18

Flexor

Question 19

Flexor is a ___synaptic reflex and stretch is ___synaptic reflex.

Answer 19

Poly then mono

Question 20

Which neural networks in the spinal cord generate locomotion?

Answer 20

Central pattern generators

Question 21

Which higher brain centre is involved in complex and fine, precise movements?

Answer 21

Motor cortex

Question 22

Which higher brain centre is involved in selection and facilitation of voluntary movements?

Answer 22

Basal ganglia

Question 23

Which higher brain centre is involved in coordination of movements, ‘motor learning,’ and error correction?

Answer 23

Cerebellum