Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What are the top 4 infectious disease killers?

Answer 1

Respiratory infections,

TB, Diarrhoea and Malaria.

Question 2

What is parasitology?

Answer 2

The study of eukaryotic microorganisms and anthropods.

Question 3

What is the name for prokaryotic single-celled organisms?

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

When is a parasite referred to as a pathogen?

Answer 4

When it harms or kills a host.

Question 5

What are the smallest known autonomously replicating molecules?

Answer 5

Viroids (plant pathogens) and virusoids (satellite RNAs)

Question 6

Which type of immunity requires no learning?

Answer 6

Innate immunity

Question 7

When is specific immunological memory required?

Answer 7

When reinfection of a disease occurs.

Question 8

Describe the complement function of a phagocyte?

Answer 8

Chemotaxis: ingesting bacteria and exposing them to chemicals.

Question 9

Which type of immunity involves production of antibodies by B lymphocytes?

Answer 9

Humoral immunity

Question 10

Which type of immunity involves the production of T lymphocytes?

Answer 10

Cell mediated immunity

Question 11

How do T cells recognise antigens?

Answer 11

T-cell receptors recognise foreign material on the surface of other cells.

Question 12

Name the part of an antigen that an antibody interacts with.

Answer 12

Epitope

Question 13

What must happen to cells’ DNA for them to become B cells?

Answer 13

Rearrangement: Deletion of segments then the required variable and joining segments join up.

Question 14

Name the stages of V-J-D joining required to make a heavy chain in an antibody.

Answer 14

1) 1st rearrangement
2) 2nd rearrangement
3) Transcription
4) RNA splicing
5) Translation

Question 15

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 15

When one specific antibody is made on a large scale.

Question 16

True/False: Repeated infection improves innate resistance.

Answer 16

False!

Question 17

Phagocytes and natural killer called are elements of the (innate/adaptive) immune system.

Answer 17

Innate

Question 18

Describe viroids.

Answer 18

Plant pathogens composed of single-stranded RNA.

Question 19

Describe virusoids.

Answer 19

Satellite RNAs encapsulated by helper viruses.

Question 20

Describe 5 mechanisms of antibiotic action.

Answer 20

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, alteration of cell membranes, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and antimetabolites.

Question 21

Give 2 things the immune systems has evolved to protect us against.

Answer 21

Invasion by micro-organisms and the development of cancer.

Question 22

What T-lymphocyte is a white blood cell responsible for eliminating unwanted cells.

Answer 22

Cytotoxic

Question 23

Which chains define the class of the antibody?

Answer 23

Heavy chains