Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What are the top 4 infectious disease killers?
Respiratory infections,
TB, Diarrhoea and Malaria.
What is parasitology?
The study of eukaryotic microorganisms and anthropods.
What is the name for prokaryotic single-celled organisms?
Bacteria
When is a parasite referred to as a pathogen?
When it harms or kills a host.
What are the smallest known autonomously replicating molecules?
Viroids (plant pathogens) and virusoids (satellite RNAs)
Which type of immunity requires no learning?
Innate immunity
When is specific immunological memory required?
When reinfection of a disease occurs.
Describe the complement function of a phagocyte?
Chemotaxis: ingesting bacteria and exposing them to chemicals.
Which type of immunity involves production of antibodies by B lymphocytes?
Humoral immunity
Which type of immunity involves the production of T lymphocytes?
Cell mediated immunity
How do T cells recognise antigens?
T-cell receptors recognise foreign material on the surface of other cells.
Name the part of an antigen that an antibody interacts with.
Epitope
What must happen to cells’ DNA for them to become B cells?
Rearrangement: Deletion of segments then the required variable and joining segments join up.
Name the stages of V-J-D joining required to make a heavy chain in an antibody.
1) 1st rearrangement
2) 2nd rearrangement
3) Transcription
4) RNA splicing
5) Translation
What are monoclonal antibodies?
When one specific antibody is made on a large scale.
True/False: Repeated infection improves innate resistance.
False!
Phagocytes and natural killer called are elements of the (innate/adaptive) immune system.
Innate
Describe viroids.
Plant pathogens composed of single-stranded RNA.
Describe virusoids.
Satellite RNAs encapsulated by helper viruses.
Describe 5 mechanisms of antibiotic action.
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, alteration of cell membranes, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and antimetabolites.
Give 2 things the immune systems has evolved to protect us against.
Invasion by micro-organisms and the development of cancer.
What T-lymphocyte is a white blood cell responsible for eliminating unwanted cells.
Cytotoxic
Which chains define the class of the antibody?
Heavy chains
