Question 1

R/L hemisphere emotional valence

Accepted Answer

R hemisphere = places negative valence on stimuli Lesion -> associated with euphoria L hemisphere = places positive valence on stimuli Lesion -> associated with dysphoria The right hemisphere places negative valence on stimuli whereas the left hemisphere places positive valence: Right-sided lesions are often associated with euphoria and focal left lesions with dysphoria, in a sense inhibiting, disabling the natural hemispheric emotional valence tendencies.

Question 2

Aprosodias

Accepted Answer

Disorders of prosody indicate that the nondominant hemisphere does contribute some important input to language in the form of paraverbal communication. - Expressive aprosodia, characterized by an inability to properly convey the inflection and tonal quality of emotion, such that speech often has a robotic quality. --The pathology here typically involves the area contralateral to Broca’s area. - Receptive aprosodia, characterized by difficulty interpreting emotional prosody, rhythm, pitch, stress, intonation, and so on and manifested in an inability to recognize sarcasm, cynicism, jokes, and other idiomatic forms of speech. --The pathology is often due to dysfunction in regions contralateral to Wernicke’s area.

Question 3

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome

Accepted Answer

(dysexecutive syndrome) Characterized by poor problem solving, word-list generation, organization, sequencing, abulia/amotivation (“pseudo depression”), and sometimes perseveration.

Question 4

Orbitofrontal Syndrome

Accepted Answer

(inferior/ventral frontal syndrome) Characterized by emotional lability, impulsivity, disinhibition, childishness, personality change, and distractibility.

Question 5

Dorso Medial/anterior Cingulate cortex Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Characterized by decreased initiation and indifference, but can also have amnesia, incontinence, and leg weakness.

Question 6

Capgras syndrome

Accepted Answer

Feeling that a person has been duplicated or is an imposter Damage to: Right temporal Bilateral frontal

Question 7

Finger agnosia

Accepted Answer

loss of the ability to name or identify the fingers of one’s own hand(s) or the fingers of the hand(s) of another person part of Gerstmann's syndrome result from a lesion in the left inferior parietal lobe, in particular, the angular gyrus

Question 8

Right–Left Disorientation

Accepted Answer

involves an inability or loss of the ability to identify the right and left sides of one’s own body and the right and left sides of the body of another person. result from a lesion in the left inferior parietal lobe, in particular, the angular gyrus

Question 9

Apraxia of Speech

Accepted Answer

involves impairment in planning the movements necessary for speech production disorder of the planning and organization of articulatory movement, -in contrast to dysarthria, which is a disorder of motor coordination. In the childhood version, a defining characteristic is often the child’s ability to pronounce single words or words in series (e.g., ABCs, numbers) but in conversation speech dysprosodic rhythm and poor articulation are apparent.

Question 10

Ideational Apraxia

Accepted Answer

loss of the ability to plan and execute complex gestures, as though one has lost the “idea” behind the gesture or use of a tool even though knowledge about the use of the tool is unaffected. involves problems in motor planning and is manifest in errors in sequencing the necessary actions for a task (e.g., lighting a pipe before putting in the tobacco). Assessment of serial acts is important in identifying this disorder. Has been associated with bilateral, nonfocal lesions and with left hemisphere lesions, especially the posterior temporal-parietal junction

Question 11

Ideomotor Apraxia

Accepted Answer

a.k.a. “body-part-for-object substitution” refers to loss of the ability to perform or pantomime gestures on command and to imitate, although spontaneous production of the gesture may remain intact. It involves difficulty making believe one is using a tool and is manifest in tool use and gestures. During pantomime, patients with ideomotor apraxia will often use a body part as if it were an object (e.g., their hand as a “comb”). Usually involves lesions in the left inferior parietal lobe or supplementary motor area

Question 12

Disorders of Apraxia associated with lesions in/near...

Accepted Answer

language zone of the left hemisphere, but can be the result of bilateral lesions. Localizes generally to the left inferior parietal/sensory area, and frontal lobe systems,

Question 13

Limb-Kinetic Apraxia

Accepted Answer

inability to precisely move one’s hands or legs, but not related to skilled movement because there is no apparent inability to select or sequence motor movements Unlike other apraxic disorders, appears to be the result of lesions in the pyramidal motor system

Question 14

Alexithymia

Accepted Answer

An inability to understand, process, or describe one’s own emotions Right hemisphere, particularly amygdala

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Neurobehavioral disorders Flashcards

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