Ethics Flashcards
Positive Ethics
Pursuit of ethical ideals or the highest standards of ethical practice.
Proactive process rather than reactionary to ethically challenging situations.
4 A’s principle
(a) anticipating and preparing for ethical issues and challenges commonly encountered in specific practice contexts
(b) avoiding ethical misconduct
(c) addressing ethical challenges when they are anticipated or encountered
(d) aspiring to the highest standards of ethical practice.
CORE OPT (Ethical Decision Making Model)
Clarify the ethical issue, distinguishing it from clinical, legal, or other professional issues
identify the Obligations owed the relevant stakeholders;
identify and review or consult ethical, legal, and professional Resources
Examine one’s own personal beliefs and values and the potential impact of each on the decision-making process;
consider the possible Options, including solutions and their consequences,
Put the plan into practice, and
Take stock, evaluate the outcome, and revise as needed.
Common Sources of Ethical Conflict in CN
Including 3rd party request for services/informed consent
Record Keeping and Fees
Professional Competence
incompetent practice is an unethical practice.
Roles and Relationships
Think about dual relationships in both clinical and forensic practices.
Test security/Raw data
Exposure to tests prior to testing impacts the VALIDITY of the results.
Widespread dissemination of materials could invalidate the measure, leading to inappropriate conclusions.
Ex: Word list the NP reads is to be protected, but the word list the pt provides can be released.
What is considered as Test Data
raw scores
scaled scores
client/patients responses, definitions
Psychology notes/recording concerning the clients statements or behaviors.
Need to have obtained appropriate release from the pt but DO NOT if it may cause substantial harm.
Third-Party Observers
Commonly occurs in forensic or pediatric settings.
Studies have shown the mere presence of a third party affects the examinees performance.
Confidentiality
Must be made cleared what is going to be shared and with whom.
Explain limits of confidentiality – Will be different in forensic settings as the information will likely be requested by both sides and eventually be found in the public domain.
Privilege
Narrower concept
Relieves NP from testifying in court about information conveyed by patients.
Invoking privilege = prevent treating NP from releasing records or testifying about sensitive personal information.
Waiving privilege = pts allow treating NP to release records or testify in legal proceedings.
Privilege is help by COMPETENT individuals, but there are limitations in the forensic context.
Assessment Measures
Methods and procedures should be sufficient enough to support statements and conclusions about the findings.
Test modifications should be written in the report.
Conflicts Between Ethics and Law
Ethics and law go hand in hand due to society’s values (e.g., mental health laws and professional ethics protect patient confidentiality and the right for adults to control their personal information) but also breaking confidentiality to protect.
However, sometimes ethics and laws don’t agree (e.g., when ethics requires clinicians to give patients access to their data while copyright laws may prevent the sharing of certain test materials. HIPPA laws may allow access).
emphasize commitment to PROFESSIONAL ETHIC and try to resolve situation ethically. However, the law may sometimes be more important esp. when legal consequences are more serious.
False or Deceptive Public Statements
Must NOT knowingly provide false deceptive or fraudulent statements about any professional matters in any forms.
Objectivity
Potential threats to objectivity should always be considered.
Once initial impressions are establish, there is a risk that subsequent information will be interpreted through that lens.
Our interpretations may be affected by personal opinions.
