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Yr 2 - Control > NeuroAnatomy Revision > Flashcards

NeuroAnatomy Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the longitudinal fissure?

A

Separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

Which fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Transverse fissure

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3
Q

Which lobe is involved in complex learning?

A

Frontal

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4
Q

Which lobe is involved in language acquisition?

A

Parietal

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5
Q

Which lobe is involved in processing of visual information?

A

Occipital

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6
Q

Which lobe is involved in understanding of written word?

A

Occipital lobe

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7
Q

Which lobe is involved in processing of information associated with hearing and equilibrium?

A

Temporal lobe

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8
Q

Which sulcus separates the frontal from parietal lobe?

A

Central

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9
Q

Which sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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10
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobes

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11
Q

Location of the insula?

A

Region of the cerebrum deep within the lateral sulcus

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12
Q

Function of the insula?

A

Processes information associated with hearing and equilibrium (is part of temporal lobe)

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13
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Major bridge of white fibres that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

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14
Q

Location of fornix? Function?

A

Bridge of white matter inferior to the corpus callosum; links regions of the limbic system (emotional brain) together

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15
Q

Location of the anterior commissure? Function?

A

Bridge of white fibres found near the anterior tip of the corpus callosum; connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

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16
Q

Function of the caudate nucleus?

A

Basal nucleus; initiates voluntary movements and coordinates slow skeletal muscle contractions (e.g. posture and balance).

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17
Q

Location of the caudate nucleus? Shape?

A
  • There are two – one on each side – sitting astride the thalamus and next to the lateral ventricles (below the cerebral cortex).
  • C-shaped structure with head, body and tail.
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18
Q

overall function of basal nuclei?

A

The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei within the brain responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions, emotional behaviours, and play an important role in reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviours and habit formation.

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19
Q

View of putamen and globus pallidus

A
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20
Q

What is putamen + globus pallidus known as?

A

Lentiform nucleus

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21
Q

What structure composes 80% of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

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22
Q

Function of the thalamus?

A

Major relay point and processing centre for sensory impulses

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23
Q

Which sense is the thalamus not involved in processing and relaying?

24
Q

What is the ‘intermediate mass’ of the diencephalon?

A

Flattened grey band of tissue connecting the two halves of the thalamus

25
Q

Function of the hypothalamus?

A

main regulatory centre involved in visceral control of the body and maintenance of overall homeostasis.

26
Q

How does the hypothalamus link the nervous system to the endocrine system?

A

Via the pituitary gland

27
Q

Function of mamillary bodies?

A

The primary function associated with the mammillary bodies is recollective memory. Memory information begins within the hippocampus. Information about memory transmits through the fornix to the mammillary bodies.

28
Q

What does the infundibulum connect?

A

Neural stalk originating near mamillary bodies; connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

29
Q

Function of pituitary gland?

A

Glandular tissue under hypothalamus; important producer and releaser of endocrine hormones

30
Q

Function of the pineal gland?

A

important producer and releaser of endocrine hormones

31
Q

What does the posterior commissure connect?

A

Bridge of white fibres found inferior to the pineal gland; connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

32
Q

Mid-sagittal section of brain showing diencephalon

33
Q

Where are the cerebral peduncles located? What do they contain?

A

Paired bulges/stalks located on ventral aspect of midbrain that connect cerebrum and brainstem; contains large ascending and descending nerve tracts

34
Q

Where are the superior and inferior colliculi located?

A

On the dorsal aspect of the rostral midbrain

35
Q

Which nerve reflex do the superior colliculi contain?

A

Contains VISUAL nerve reflex centres; coordinated eye movements, focusing and papillary responses

36
Q

What reflex is the inferior colliculus involved in?

37
Q

What fibres do the pyramids contain?

A

Motor fibres of corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts

38
Q

What is the midline ridge of tissue that connects the two cerebellar hemispheres together?

39
Q

What are folia? Where are they located?

A

Fine, transversely orientated pleat-like gyri on the surface of the cerebellum; increase surface area

40
Q

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

A

3 connection points between cerebellum and brainstem (superior, middle, inferior); contains fibre tracts running between the cerebellum and midbrain, pons, and medulla

41
Q

What produces and secretes most of the CSF of the CNS?

A

Choroid plexus found in the ventricles

42
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

A

buried deep within each cerebral hemisphere

43
Q

What structure does the third ventricle surround?

A

The thalamus

44
Q

What does the Interventricular foramen/Foramen of Monro connect?

A

Each lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle

45
Q

Which ventricle occupies the space between the dorsum of the pons/medulla and the overlying cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle

46
Q

What is the passageway between third ventricle and fourth ventricle called?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

47
Q

What is the central opening that runs through the medulla and is continuous with the spinal cord?

A

Central canal

48
Q

What does the Foramen of Magendie connect?

A

Drains CSF from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space or central spinal canal

49
Q

What does the Foramen of Luschka connect?

A

Drains CSF from fourth ventricle into subarachnoid space or central spinal canal

50
Q

How many Foramen of Luschka are there?

51
Q

How many Foramen of Magendie are there?

52
Q

4 functions of the meninges?

A
  1. Cover and protect brain
  2. Protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinuses
  3. Contain CSF
  4. Form partitions within skull
53
Q

What does the pia mater mainly contain?

A

Blood vessels

54
Q

Which layer of the meninges encloses venous sinuses?

A

Dura mater

55
Q

Which layer of the meninges forms partitions within skull?

A

Dura mater

56
Q

Label 1-8

A

1.

  1. Optic chiasm
  2. Infundibulum (not visible)
  3. Mamillary bodies
  4. Cerebral peduncles
  5. Pons
  6. Pyramid
  7. Olive
57
Q

Label 1-12

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Arbor vitae
  3. Superior colliculi
  4. Inferior colliculi
  5. Pineal gland
  6. Posterior commissure
  7. Thalamus (intermediate mass)
  8. Corpus callosum
  9. Lateral ventricle
  10. Fornix
  11. Anterior commissure
  12. Optic chiasma

Yr 2 - Control (71 decks)

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