Control Week 6 MCQs Flashcards
Of the 4 labelled curvatures of the vertebral column, which two are lordoses?
A, C
Which of the following movements can occur at the vertebral column? (Select ALL that apply)
Extension
Flexion
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Extension
Flexion
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Which region of the vertebral column is the most flexible?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
cervical
Identify the region of the vertebra labelled C.
pedicle
Identify region F
lamina
The articulation between C1 and C2: (Select ALL that apply)
involves three joints
is supported the transverse ligament of the axis (C2)
allows pivoting of the head
can be examined on plain X-rays by an “open mouth” view
involves three joints
allows pivoting of the head
can be examined on plain X-rays by an “open mouth” view
Identify ligament A
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
If a vertebra has a heart-shaped body and a round vertebral foramen, its spinous process would be:
long and orientated postero-inferiorly
bifid and orientated horizontally
short and thick, and orientated horizontally
long and orientated postero-inferiorly
This is a cross section at the level of the L3 IV disc.
What would you expect to find in the region indicated by the black arrow?
Spinal cord segment L3
Spinal cord segment L4
Sacral spinal cord
Spinal nerves
SPINAL NERVES - In adults, the spinal cord typically ends at the level of L1-L2 (although in some individuals it may extend a little further). Therefore the vertebral canal at the level of L3 would typically be expected to contain spinal nerves, and not cord.
Intervertebral discs:
limit the flexibility of the vertebral column
stabilise the vertebral column
have a central annulus fibrosus
rarely cause clinical problems
stabilise the vertebral column
Identify this vertebra.
C1
The vertebral artery does not pass through the transverse foramina of which vertebra?
C1
C2
C6
C7
C7
All of the following statements regarding ‘wedge’ fractures of the vertebral bodies are correct EXCEPT that:
the posterior part of the affected vertebral body loses height
they are most common in post-menopausal women
they may result in an excessive thoracic kyphosis
they often occur secondary to osteoporosis
the posterior part of the affected vertebral body loses height
Which one of the following spinal nerves is indicated by the arrow?
L5
The region labelled C articulates with:
occiput
Identify muscle A.
Erector spinae
Latissimus dorsi
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
erector spinae
Identify feature E.
Posterior arch - The posterior arch (E) is longer than the anterior arch (D).
Identify this vertebra.
C2
The foramen indicated by the letter C transmits the:
Common carotid artery
C1 spinal nerve
C2 spinal nerve
Vertebral artery
Vertebral artery
The regions labelled B articulate with:
C2
C3
the atlas
the occiput
atlas
Regarding this bone, which one of the following statements is correct?
It is formed by the fusion of the 3 sacral vertebrae
The sacral spinal cord lies in its spinal canal
The region labelled A articulates with the ishium
Region A articulates superiorly with L5
Region A articulates superiorly with L5
Regarding the IV disc, which of the following statements are correct? (Select ALL that apply)
The central part is the annulus fibrosus
They limit the flexibility of the vertebral column
They dehydrate as we age
Posterior herniation is a common problem
They dehydrate as we age
Posterior herniation is a common problem
Posterior herniation of the intervertebral discs is resisted by which one of the following ligaments?
Anterior longitudinal
Interspinous
Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Erector spinae acts on the vertebral column as:
an extensor
a flexor
a rotator
an extensor
This image shows fracture and posterior movement of which cervical vertebra?
C3
C4
C5
C6
C5
The key here is to identify the dens (the modified vertebral body) of C2. The injured vertebra is the 3rd below C2, hence is C5.
In which regions of the vertebral column are kyphoses found? (Select ALL that apply)
Cervical spine
Lumbar spine
Thoracic spine
Sacral spine
Thoracic spine
Sacral spine
Examine the image below. Which ligament is most likely to be injured?
Anterior longitudinal
Interspinous
Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal
Anterior longitudinal
Which ligament of the vertebral column is the only one that resists hyperextension?
Anterior longitudinal
Interspinous
Supraspinous
Posterior longitudinal
Anterior longitudinal
This X-ray shows a compression (‘wedge’) fracture of
T11
T12
L1
L2
L3
L2
C-spine immoblisation should be achieved using a collar, two head blocks and tape.
Is this true or false?
True
Herniation of the intervertebral disc most commonly occurs at which two of the following vertebral levels?
L2-L3
L3-L4
L4-L5
L5-S1
L4-L5
L5-S1
The ligamentum flavum is found:
between adjacent laminae
between adjacent spinous processes
between adjacent transverse processes
running anterior to the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
between adjacent laminae
