Neuroanatomy pt.2

Question 1

Glia

Answer 1

• Provides nutrients
• Physical support
• regulate extracellular fluid

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

• Information messengers

Question 3

Types of Glia

Answer 3

• Astrocyte
• Microglia
• Oligodendrocyte
• Satellite cells
• Schwann cells

Question 4

Astrocyte (Astroglia)

Answer 4

• Star shaped cell (astro)
• Provide physical and nutritional support for neurons

Question 5

Microglia

Answer 5

• Digest parts of dead neurons

Question 6

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 6

• Provide insulation to neurons in the Central nervous system

Question 7

Satellite cells

Answer 7

• Physical support to neurons in the Peripheral nervous system

Question 8

Shwann Cells

Answer 8

• Provide insulation (myelin) to neurons in Peripheral Nervous system

Question 9

Anatomy of a neuron

Answer 9

• Cell body
• Dendrites
• Axon Hillock
• Axon
• Myelin sheath
• Nodes of Ranvier
• Axon Terminals
• Terminal boutons

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

• The metabolic centre of the neuron

Question 11

Dendrites

Answer 11

• Short processes emanating from the cell body
• Which receive most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons
• Like tree branches at top

Question 12

Axon Hillock

Answer 12

• Cone shaped region at the junction between the axon and the cell body

Question 13

Axon

Answer 13

• Long, narrow process that projects from the cell body

Question 14

Myelin sheath

Answer 14

• Fatty insulation around many axons

Question 15

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 15

• Gaps between sections of myelin

Question 16

Axon Terminals

Answer 16

• Branching processes at the end of the axon

Question 17

Terminal Boutons

Answer 17

• Button-like endings of the axonal branches

Question 18

Internal Structure of cell

Answer 18

• Cytoplasm
• Mirtochondria
• Nucleus
• Microtubules

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

• Jelly-like substance that fills the cell

Question 20

Mitrochondria

Answer 20

• Organelles in substance responsible for extracting energy from nutrients

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

• Part of cell containing chromosomes

Question 22

Microtubules

Answer 22

• Rapid transport within neurons

Question 23

Neural transmission

Answer 23

• Measuring charge across the cell membrane gives us membrane potential

Question 24

Threshold of excitation

Answer 24

• Value of the membrane potential that must be reached to produce an action potential

Question 25

Action potential

Answer 25

• A brief electrical impulse
• Provides the basis for conduction of information along an axon

Question 26

Depolarisation

Answer 26

• More positively charged

Question 27

Hyperpolarisation

Answer 27

• More negatively charged than it was to begin with
• Below its resting potential

Question 28

Repolarisation

Answer 28

• More negatively charged

Question 29

Intracellular

Answer 29

• Fluid inside the cell

Question 30

Extracellular

Answer 30

• Fluid outside cell

Question 31

Cation Ions

Answer 31

+ Positively charged

Question 32

Anion Ions

Answer 32

• Negatively charged

Question 33

Ion found only in Intracellular fluid

Answer 33

• Organic anions (A-)

Question 34

Ions found predominantly in Intracellular fluid

Answer 34

• Potassium ions (K+)

Question 35

Ions found predominantly in Extracellular fluid

Answer 35

• Sodium ions (Na+)
• Chloride ions (Cl+)

Question 36

Neuron is like a salty banana

Answer 36

• Banana is neuron
  ^ Potassium inside
• Salt on banana
  ^ Sodium Chloride outside of neuron

Question 37

Electrostatic force

Answer 37

• Opposites attract
• Same charges repel

Question 38

Diffusion

Answer 38

• Molecules spread out evenly
• Distribute themselves evenly throughout solution