Neuroanatomy pt.2 Flashcards
1
Q
Glia
A
- Provides nutrients
- Physical support
- regulate extracellular fluid
2
Q
Neurons
A
- Information messengers
3
Q
Types of Glia
A
- Astrocyte
- Microglia
- Oligodendrocyte
- Satellite cells
- Schwann cells
4
Q
Astrocyte (Astroglia)
A
- Star shaped cell (astro)
- Provide physical and nutritional support for neurons
5
Q
Microglia
A
- Digest parts of dead neurons
6
Q
Oligodendrocyte
A
- Provide insulation to neurons in the Central nervous system
7
Q
Satellite cells
A
- Physical support to neurons in the Peripheral nervous system
8
Q
Shwann Cells
A
- Provide insulation (myelin) to neurons in Peripheral Nervous system
9
Q
Anatomy of a neuron
A
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon Hillock
- Axon
- Myelin sheath
- Nodes of Ranvier
- Axon Terminals
- Terminal boutons
10
Q
Cell body
A
- The metabolic centre of the neuron
11
Q
Dendrites
A
- Short processes emanating from the cell body
- Which receive most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons
- Like tree branches at top
12
Q
Axon Hillock
A
- Cone shaped region at the junction between the axon and the cell body
13
Q
Axon
A
- Long, narrow process that projects from the cell body
14
Q
Myelin sheath
A
- Fatty insulation around many axons
15
Q
Nodes of Ranvier
A
- Gaps between sections of myelin
16
Q
Axon Terminals
A
- Branching processes at the end of the axon
17
Q
Terminal Boutons
A
- Button-like endings of the axonal branches
18
Q
Internal Structure of cell
A
- Cytoplasm
- Mirtochondria
- Nucleus
- Microtubules
19
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- Jelly-like substance that fills the cell
20
Q
Mitrochondria
A
- Organelles in substance responsible for extracting energy from nutrients
21
Q
Nucleus
A
- Part of cell containing chromosomes
22
Q
Microtubules
A
- Rapid transport within neurons
23
Q
Neural transmission
A
- Measuring charge across the cell membrane gives us membrane potential
24
Q
Threshold of excitation
A
- Value of the membrane potential that must be reached to produce an action potential
25
Q
Action potential
A
- A brief electrical impulse
- Provides the basis for conduction of information along an axon
26
Q
Depolarisation
A
- More positively charged
27
Q
Hyperpolarisation
A
- More negatively charged than it was to begin with
- Below its resting potential
28
Q
Repolarisation
A
- More negatively charged
29
Q
Intracellular
A
- Fluid inside the cell
30
Q
Extracellular
A
- Fluid outside cell
31
Q
Cation Ions
A
+ Positively charged
32
Q
Anion Ions
A
- Negatively charged
33
Q
Ion found only in Intracellular fluid
A
- Organic anions (A-)
34
Q
Ions found predominantly in Intracellular fluid
A
- Potassium ions (K+)
35
Q
Ions found predominantly in Extracellular fluid
A
- Sodium ions (Na+)
- Chloride ions (Cl+)
36
Q
Neuron is like a salty banana
A
- Banana is neuron
^ Potassium inside - Salt on banana
^ Sodium Chloride outside of neuron
37
Q
Electrostatic force
A
- Opposites attract
- Same charges repel
38
Q
Diffusion
A
- Molecules spread out evenly
- Distribute themselves evenly throughout solution
