Evolution and Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
Inheritance of Acquired traits
A
- Characteristics developed in life would be passed on to the offspring.
2
Q
Catastrophism
A
- Violent and sudden natural disasters caused plants and animals in those areas to die
- New life forms moved in from other areas
- Fossil records show sudden changes in species
3
Q
Functionalism
A
- Characteristics of living organisms perform useful functions.
- Best way to understand a biological phenomenon is to see how useful it is to THAT organism.
4
Q
Evolution
A
- Gradual change in the structure and physiology of a plant or animal species as a result of natural selection
5
Q
Natural Selection
A
- The traits best suited to the environment will be passed onto the next generation.
6
Q
Example of Natural Selection
A
- English Peppered Moths
> White moths disappeared due to Clean Air Act
7
Q
Taxonomy of Living Things
A
- Domain (Eukarya)
- Kingdom (Animalia)
- Phylum (Chordata)
- Class (Mammalia)
- Order (Primates)
- Family (Hominidae)
- Genus (Homo)
- Species (Sapiens)
8
Q
Mendel 1822-1884
A
- Showed that traits can be passed down from grandparents
- Traits could of been carried by something other than blood
9
Q
Chromosomes
A
- Come in pairs
- Humans have 23 pairs
- Except gametes (egg and sperm)
10
Q
Diploid cells
A
- 46 chromosomes
(most cells in body) - Replicate by Mitosis
11
Q
Haploid cells
A
- 23 chromosomes
(egg and sperm) - Created by Meiosis
12
Q
DNA
A
- Double- Helix structure described by James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)
13
Q
What do genes do?
A
- Make proteins
> Required for function, structure and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs
14
Q
Proteins
A
- Made up of 20 different types of amino acids
- Human body able to generate 2 million different types of proteins
15
Q
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
A
- Exists as single strand
- Proteins manufactured here
