Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fundamentals of neuroscience > Neuroanatomy of the spinal cord (anatomy) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy of the spinal cord (anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the spinal meningines?

A
  • Pia matter
  • Arachnoid
  • Dura matter (spinal dural sheath)

(From inside out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the divisions of the spinal cord?

A
  • Cervical division (top C1-C8)
  • Thoracic division (next one down T1-T12)
  • Lumbar division (L1-L5)
  • Sacral division (S1-S5)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the peripheral nerves in the spinal cord?

A
  • White matter
  • Sensory fibre
  • Motor fibre
  • Grey matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Look at the spinal cord peripheral nerves diagram to see the shape of the nerve structure

A

:)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the somatic NS do?

A

Periphery & voluntary responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the autonomic NS do?

A

Internal environment & involuntary repsonses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the peripheral NS do before the CNS?

A

Relays sensory info from the periphery & internal environment into the CNS via different pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the PNS do after the CNS?

A

Relay motor output from the CNS to the skeletal & smooth muscles via efferent pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can’t the somatic NS convey?

A

Conveys all sensations except the 4 special senseso of the head (vision, hearing, olfactory, taste & balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the somatic NS convey?

A
  • Touch
  • Temperature
  • Proprioception (awareness of the body’s location & movements)
  • Pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the order of a response being created with the somatic NS?

A
  • Sensory receptors
  • Sensory neurone
  • Integration centre (spinal cord & brain)
  • Motor neurone
  • Effecto muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A
  • Modified or free nerve endings of sensory neurons
  • Located throughout the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are sensory receptors activated by?

A

Specific stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does activation of a sensory receptor cause?

A

Causes receptor potential (graded potentials) of sensory neuron which ultimately leads to AP signalling along afferent neurones to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of sensory receptors?

A
  • Mechanoreceptors
  • Thermoreceptors
  • Nociceptors
  • Proprioceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are mechanoreceptors located?

A

Mostly skin (also visceral organs e.g. heart = autonomic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the stimuli for mechanoreceptors?

A

Physical distortion (skin = touch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of mechanoreceptors?

A
  • Meissner’s corpuscles
  • Merkel’s disk
  • Ruffini’s corpuscles
  • Pacinian corpuscle
  • Free nerve endings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Messiner’s corpuscles like?

A

Glabrous (smooth), low threshold touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Merkel’s disks like?

A

Glabrous, low threshold static touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Ruffini’s corpuscles like?

A

Glabrous (smooth) and hairy, high threshold stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles like?

A

Largest, deepest, vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are free nerve endings like?

A

Glabrous and hairy, very high touch threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Messiner’s and Pacinian corpuscles endings like?

A

AP firing at the onset & offset of the stimulus only = rapidly adapting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are Merkel's disks and Riffini's endings like?
AP firing throughout the presence of the stimulus = slowly adapting
26
Which mechanoreceptors are small?
- Merkel's disk - Messiner's corpuscle
27
Which mechanoreceptors are large?
- Pacinian corpuscle - Ruffini's ending
28
Which mechanorecpetors are rapid?
- Messiner's corpuscle - Pacinian corpuscle
29
Which mechanoreceptors are slow?
- Merkel's dick - Ruffini's ending
30
Where are thermoreceptors located?
Mostly skin
31
What is the stimuli for thermoreceptors?
Temperature
32
What are the free nerve ending ion channels for thermoreceptors called?
- TRPV1 = hot - TRPM8 = cold
33
Where are nociceptors located?
Mostly skin
34
What is the stimuli for nociceptors?
Stimuli that have the potential to cause tissue damage
35
What are the free nerve endings for nociceptors called?
- Mechanical nociceptors - Thermal nociceptors - Chemical nociceptors
36
Where are proprioceptors located?
Muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints
37
What is the stimuli for proprioceptors?
Muscle tension
38
What are the 3 subtypes of proprioceptors?
1 - Muscle spindles 2 - Golgi tendon organ 3 - Proprioceptors in joints
39
What do muscle spindles do?
AKA stretch receptors, muscle length (stretch)
40
What do golgi tendon organs do?
Muscle tension (force of contraction)
41
What do proprioceptors in joints do?
Angle, direction & velocity of movement in a joint
42
What are receptive fields?
Area in which the specific stimulus will activate the sensory receptor High density of smaller receptive fields = higher spatial resolution of the stimulus
43
Where in the body has more/less receptive fields?
- Fingers & lips = highly discriminative - Back, leg and arm = less discriminative
44
What are somatosensory afferent neurones?
- Axons of neurones bringing in info from the somatic sensory receptors to the spinal cord
45
Where are primary afferent neurones located?
They have their cell body in the dorsal root ganglia & their axons project into the dorsal horn of spinal cord thru dorsal roots
46
Refer the the diagram of the somatosensory afferent neurones
Learn these, was hard to put on a flashcard
47
What are dermatomes?
- Area of skin innervated by each pair of spinal nerves --> both sensory & motor - Directly related to the region of spinal cord the nerves originate - i.e. receptive field for one pair of peripheral nerves
48
What are the 2 types of ascending tracts?
- Dorsa column-medial lemniscal pathway - Spinothalamic pathway Both got ot the primary somatosensory cortex
49
What is the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway for?
Touch and proprioception
50
What is the spinothalamic pathway for?
Temperature and pain
51
What is the somatosensory homunculus?
The visual representation of a human and how sensitive that areas is in the somatosensory cortex (Dude with giant hands)
52
Give 3 examples of somatic spinal cord reflex?
- Myotatic reflex - Golgi tendon reflex - Flexor reflex
53
What is a myotatic reflex?
- Stretch reflex - Contraction of a muscle in response to its passive stretching
54
What us a Golgi tendon reflex?
- Inverse myotatic reflex - Relaxation of the muscle in response to excessive force - Prevents damage from excessive force
55
What is a flexor reflex?
- Withdrawl reflex - Polysynaptic
56
Where does somatic motor output happen?
In the motor cortex and the somatosensory cortex
57
Maybe rewatch the video of somatic motor output
thank u
58
What is the autonomic NS?
- AKA visceral NS - Controls involuntary responses of internal organs e.g. HR Controls - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle & glands
59
What is the sympathetic NS?
- Fight or flight - Acts to mobilise the body for short-term emergency
60
What is the parasympathetic NS?
- Rest and digest - Facilitates the long term good Acts in a complemnetary fashion to sympathetic
61
Name 3 types of autonomic reflexes?
- Ocular reflexes - Cardiovascular reflexes - Glandular reflexes
62
What are the preganglionic & postganglionic neurone like for the sympatheic NS?
- Preganglionic = short - Postganglionic = long
63
What are the preganglionic & postganglionic neurone like for the parasympathetic NS?
- Preganglionic = long - Postganglionic = short
64
Insert final summary for the somatic & autonomic parts of leccy
Slide 34

Fundamentals of neuroscience (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions