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Fundamentals of neuroscience > Neuroanatomy of the brain (anatomy) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy of the brain (anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS interconnected with?

A

The peripheral NS - work together

They process info & generate an appropriate response to the stimulus

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2
Q

What are the top are bottom views of the brain called?

A
  • Top = superior view
  • Bottom = inferior view
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3
Q

What are the orientations called of the top, bottom, front and back of the brain?

A
  • Dorsal = top
  • Ventral = bottom
  • Rostral = front (leaning on an upwards slant)
  • Caudal = back (towards the bottom)
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4
Q

Where are the following orientations found on the body?

  • Rostral
  • Caudal
  • Ventral
  • Dorsal
A
  • Rostral = Vertical - upwards near the head
  • Caudal = Vertical - downward towards the bum
  • Ventral = Hotizontal - front of body
  • Dorsal = Horizontal - back of body
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5
Q

What is a saggital view of the brain?

A

Slice down the middle of the head between the eyes

Like a hotdog roll

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6
Q

What is a horizontal view of the brain?

A

Slice like taking the top off your head

Like a burger bun

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7
Q

What is a coronal view of the brain?

A

Slice down the middle of your head - ear to ear

Like a load of bread

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of the meningines in order outside to inside?

A
  • Dura
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia

Role = to protect the brain & spinal cord

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9
Q

Where is the pia layer found?

A

Inner most layer next to the brain

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10
Q

What is the pia layer like?

A
  • Very thin membrane (cannot be seen w the naked eye)
  • Adheres close to the surface of the brain & spinal cord - floors grooves
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11
Q

Where is hte arachnoid layer found?

A

Middle layer

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12
Q

What is the apperacne of the arachnoid layer?

A
  • Spider web apperance
  • Thin transparent membrane
  • Covers the surface of the brain & spinal cord - sits over grooves
  • Contains arachnoid granulations - absorptions of CFS into the venous system
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13
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Where cerebrospinal fluid flows

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14
Q

Where is the dura found?

A
  • Outer layer
  • Directly underneath the bones of skull & vertebral column
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15
Q

What is the dura like?

A
  • Tough, thick membrane
  • Surrounds brain & spinal cord
  • Helps protect the CNS from moving about by attaching it to the skull or vertebral column
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16
Q

What is grey matter?

A

cell bodies and terminals

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17
Q

What is white matter?

A

Mylinated axons

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18
Q

What is the largest wihte matter tract in the brain?

A

The corpus callosum

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19
Q

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

A

Connects the two hemispheres

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20
Q

What are the 4 main brain divisions?

A
  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Hindbrain
  • Brainstem
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21
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
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22
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
  • Cerebral peduncles
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23
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A
  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Cerebellum
24
Q

What is the brainstem made up of?

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
25
What is the cerebrum like?
Many folds, inc SA of brain, means you can fit in more neurones - more neural pathways therefore more info stored
26
What are the main cerebral hemispheres?
- Frontal lobe - Temporal lobe - Parietal lobe - Occipital lobe
27
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
In the frontal lobe
28
Where is the somatosensory cortex located?
In the parietal lobe
29
Where is the lateral sulcus located?
On the border of the frontal & temporal lobe
30
What is the frontal lobe important for?
Initiates voluntary movement, higher level executive functions e.g. reasoning & decision making, speech
31
What is the somatosensory lobe for?
Spatial awareness
32
What is the occipital lobe for?
Process & interpret visual information
33
What is the temporal lobe important for?
Just by the ear, receives & processes auditory info, memory
34
What are the subcortical structures?
- Thalamus - Hypothalamus - Pituitary gland
35
What is the thalamus for?
Important relay cetre, sensory info into the brain & motor info leaving the brain stop here Uses GABA as a NT, they dampen down signals coming into & out of the brain
36
What is the hypothalamus for?
Important role in maintaining homeostasis, paired with the pituitary gland, paired to stimulate release of hormones with the endocrine system
37
What are the important roles that the midbrain plays?
An important role in motor control, also in receiving auditory & visual info
38
What is an important role of the optic nerve?
Plays a role in accomodation
39
What is the role of the pons?
- Acts as a bridge to relay info about sensation & movement from the main cerebrum to the cerebellum - Dorsal part involved in respiration, taste & sleep
40
W
41
What is the cerbellum's nickname?
The "little brain"
42
Whatis the structure of the cerebellum like?
- Contains around 50% of all cells in the brain - Has a cerebella cortex with its own folds etc
43
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Plays an important role in movment, specifically coordinating movement Maintains posture and balance
44
What is the role of the ventricles in the brain?
All connected together in the ventricular system --> where the CSF flows through
45
What are the 5 main ventricles?
1 - Choroid plexus 2 - Right lateral ventricle 3 - Third ventricle 4 - Fourth ventricle 5 - Arachnoid granulation
46
How is CSF recycled?
The CSF is reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulation - it absorbs the CSF & distributes it Around 350mls 4 times a day & is circulated by the ventricles in order 1-5
47
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Somatosensory & spatial awareness
48
What is the role of the medulla?
- Connects cerebrum with the spinal cord, sensory & motor signals - Autonomic functions - cardiac, respiratory, vomiting & vasomotor centres
49
Which of the cranial nerves are considered CSN?
1-2 (olfactory & optic)
50
Which cranial nerves are PNS?
3-12
51
What do the olfactory nerves do in general?
- All innervate different parts of the body - Either sensory, motor or both
52
What are the cranial nerves?
I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial VIII - Vestibulocochlear IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal
53
What is the acronym to remember the cranial nerves?
Only One Of The Two Athletes Felt Very Good Victorious And Healthy
54
What is the acronym to remember the cranial nerve functions?
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More S = sensory M = motor B = both
55
Study the locations of the cranial nerves using the diagrams
Use the diagram

Fundamentals of neuroscience (38 decks)

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