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Fundamentals of neuroscience > Neuroanatomy of the brain (anatomy) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy of the brain (anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS interconnected with?

A

The peripheral NS - work together

They process info & generate an appropriate response to the stimulus

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2
Q

What are the top are bottom views of the brain called?

A
  • Top = superior view
  • Bottom = inferior view
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3
Q

What are the orientations called of the top, bottom, front and back of the brain?

A
  • Dorsal = top
  • Ventral = bottom
  • Rostral = front (leaning on an upwards slant)
  • Caudal = back (towards the bottom)
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4
Q

Where are the following orientations found on the body?

  • Rostral
  • Caudal
  • Ventral
  • Dorsal
A
  • Rostral = Vertical - upwards near the head
  • Caudal = Vertical - downward towards the bum
  • Ventral = Hotizontal - front of body
  • Dorsal = Horizontal - back of body
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5
Q

What is a saggital view of the brain?

A

Slice down the middle of the head between the eyes

Like a hotdog roll

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6
Q

What is a horizontal view of the brain?

A

Slice like taking the top off your head

Like a burger bun

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7
Q

What is a coronal view of the brain?

A

Slice down the middle of your head - ear to ear

Like a load of bread

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of the meningines in order outside to inside?

A
  • Dura
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia

Role = to protect the brain & spinal cord

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9
Q

Where is the pia layer found?

A

Inner most layer next to the brain

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10
Q

What is the pia layer like?

A
  • Very thin membrane (cannot be seen w the naked eye)
  • Adheres close to the surface of the brain & spinal cord - floors grooves
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11
Q

Where is hte arachnoid layer found?

A

Middle layer

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12
Q

What is the apperacne of the arachnoid layer?

A
  • Spider web apperance
  • Thin transparent membrane
  • Covers the surface of the brain & spinal cord - sits over grooves
  • Contains arachnoid granulations - absorptions of CFS into the venous system
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13
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Where cerebrospinal fluid flows

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14
Q

Where is the dura found?

A
  • Outer layer
  • Directly underneath the bones of skull & vertebral column
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15
Q

What is the dura like?

A
  • Tough, thick membrane
  • Surrounds brain & spinal cord
  • Helps protect the CNS from moving about by attaching it to the skull or vertebral column
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16
Q

What is grey matter?

A

cell bodies and terminals

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17
Q

What is white matter?

A

Mylinated axons

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18
Q

What is the largest wihte matter tract in the brain?

A

The corpus callosum

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19
Q

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

A

Connects the two hemispheres

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20
Q

What are the 4 main brain divisions?

A
  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Hindbrain
  • Brainstem
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21
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
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22
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
  • Cerebral peduncles
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23
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A
  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Cerebellum
24
Q

What is the brainstem made up of?

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
25
Q

What is the cerebrum like?

A

Many folds, inc SA of brain, means you can fit in more neurones - more neural pathways therefore more info stored

26
Q

What are the main cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
27
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

In the frontal lobe

28
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

In the parietal lobe

29
Q

Where is the lateral sulcus located?

A

On the border of the frontal & temporal lobe

30
Q

What is the frontal lobe important for?

A

Initiates voluntary movement, higher level executive functions

e.g. reasoning & decision making, speech

31
Q

What is the somatosensory lobe for?

A

Spatial awareness

32
Q

What is the occipital lobe for?

A

Process & interpret visual information

33
Q

What is the temporal lobe important for?

A

Just by the ear, receives & processes auditory info, memory

34
Q

What are the subcortical structures?

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
35
Q

What is the thalamus for?

A

Important relay cetre, sensory info into the brain & motor info leaving the brain stop here

Uses GABA as a NT, they dampen down signals coming into & out of the brain

36
Q

What is the hypothalamus for?

A

Important role in maintaining homeostasis, paired with the pituitary gland, paired to stimulate release of hormones with the endocrine system

37
Q

What are the important roles that the midbrain plays?

A

An important role in motor control, also in receiving auditory & visual info

38
Q

What is an important role of the optic nerve?

A

Plays a role in accomodation

39
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A
  • Acts as a bridge to relay info about sensation & movement from the main cerebrum to the cerebellum
  • Dorsal part involved in respiration, taste & sleep
40
Q

W

A
41
Q

What is the cerbellum’s nickname?

A

The “little brain”

42
Q

Whatis the structure of the cerebellum like?

A
  • Contains around 50% of all cells in the brain
  • Has a cerebella cortex with its own folds etc
43
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Plays an important role in movment, specifically coordinating movement

Maintains posture and balance

44
Q

What is the role of the ventricles in the brain?

A

All connected together in the ventricular system –> where the CSF flows through

45
Q

What are the 5 main ventricles?

A

1 - Choroid plexus
2 - Right lateral ventricle
3 - Third ventricle
4 - Fourth ventricle
5 - Arachnoid granulation

46
Q

How is CSF recycled?

A

The CSF is reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulation - it absorbs the CSF & distributes it

Around 350mls 4 times a day & is circulated by the ventricles in order 1-5

47
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory & spatial awareness

48
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A
  • Connects cerebrum with the spinal cord, sensory & motor signals
  • Autonomic functions - cardiac, respiratory, vomiting & vasomotor centres
49
Q

Which of the cranial nerves are considered CSN?

A

1-2 (olfactory & optic)

50
Q

Which cranial nerves are PNS?

A

3-12

51
Q

What do the olfactory nerves do in general?

A
  • All innervate different parts of the body
  • Either sensory, motor or both
52
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

53
Q

What is the acronym to remember the cranial nerves?

A

Only One Of The Two Athletes Felt Very Good Victorious And Healthy

54
Q

What is the acronym to remember the cranial nerve functions?

A

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

S = sensory
M = motor
B = both

55
Q

Study the locations of the cranial nerves using the diagrams

A

Use the diagram

Fundamentals of neuroscience (38 decks)

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