Neuroanatomy, models of language, and neurolinguistics Flashcards
What are the 2 branches of the dorsal aorta that supply the whole brain and spinal cord?
Internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebrobasilar artery
What are the 2 major branches from the ICA and what do they supply?
Anterior cerebral artery - supplies upper and anterior region
Middle cerebral artery - supplies lateral surfaces and basal ganglia - main supply for language areas
What is the major artery from the vertebrobasilar arteries and what does it supply?
Posterior cerebral artery - supplies occipital lobe, thalamus and lower temporal lobe
Where do the ACA and MCA originate from?
The Circle of Willis - a failsafe in case of a blockage occurring anywhere
What are the 3 types of stroke?
Haemorrhagic (20%), ischaemic (80%), transient ischaemic attacks (TIA)
What is a haemorrhagic stroke?
Aneurysm (balloon) in cerebral artery is ruptured causing a bleed - pressure of blood on brain causes tissue death
What are the 2 types of haemorrhagic stroke?
Extracerebral (blood vessels of the meninges) and intracerebral (within brain and brainstem
What is an ischaemic stroke?
Deficiency of blood to an area due to constriction or obstruction of blood vessel
What are the 2 types of ischaemic stroke?
Thrombosis (damage to arterial wall) and embolism (clot carried by blood and lodged in brain)
What is a transient ischaemic attack?
Focal neurological deficits produced by temporary ischemia - small emboli that break up - may precede thrombotic stroke
How to medically manage ischaemic strokes?
Removing the blockage - TPA to dissolve within 3 hours - warfarin for prevention
How to medically manage haemorrhagic strokes?
Focus on controlling bleeding and reduce pressure - drugs used to slow bleeding - surgery may be required to stop bleeding, close burst vessel
