Neuroanatomy: Limbic

Question 1

function of orbitalfrontal cortex

Answer 1

• inhibiting inappropriate behaviour
  -satiety
  -attention
  (blocking out other stimuli + focusing on 1 thing)
  -receiving input from olfactory input
  -emotion/memory/fear (amygdala)

Question 2

function of amygdala

Answer 2

recognising risky situations / fear/ emotions/ memory

Question 3

which nuclear group of the amygdala receives projections from olfactory tract?

Answer 3

medial

Question 4

what is herpes simplex encephalitis

Answer 4

inflammation(encephalitis) of brain matter due to herpes virus

may present with:

• confusion
• fever
• personality change
• seizures
• decrease level of consciousness

Question 5

what type of memory is affected in Alzheimer’s

Answer 5

episodic - memory of specific events in context to time/place/associated emotions/experiences (a type of long-term memory)

Question 6

which part of the brain is mainly affected with Alzheimers?

Answer 6

hippocampus

• long-term memory esp. previous experiences (episodic)
• spacial awareness (navigation)

Question 7

which sulcus separates precuneus and cuneus?

Answer 7

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 8

parts of corpus callous

Answer 8

rostrum, genu, trunk/body, splenium (tail)

Question 9

which sulcus is pars marginalis a continuation of

Answer 9

cingulate sulcus

Question 10

what is abulia + why might a meningioma (benign meningeal tumour) cause it

Answer 10

lack of motivation to move

meningioma of falx cerebri –> compression of supplementary motor area

stroke of anterior cerebral artery - anterior brain containing anterior cingulate gyrus = motivation/drive

Question 11

which part of the brains so anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 11

anterior: outer front (front cortex) and middle parietal
middle: medial/inside of brain
posterior: posterior parts of brain

Question 12

what is anterior and posterior to the Parahippocampal gyrus?

what sulcus is lateral to the 3 ?

Answer 12

anterior: uncus
posterior: lingual gyrus

collateral sulcus

Question 13

what is the sulcus anterior to collateral sulcus? (sometimes they are joined and continuous but not always)

Answer 13

rhinal sulcus

Question 14

what can you find on entorhinal cortex and where is it?

Answer 14

medial to rhinal sulcus

verrucae hippocampi
in alzheimers- atrophy

Question 15

which part of the fornix is not attached to the undersurface of the corpus callous + what is between them here?

Answer 15

anterior part of fornix curves posteriorly lower

septum pellucidum (clear transparent membrane)

Question 16

what is located at the end of the fornix (the target)?

Answer 16

mamillary bodies

Question 17

what is confabulation?

Answer 17

inhibition to lay down episodic memories

therefore you make up to fill in the gaps

Question 18

what is the fornix

Answer 18

arch that connects the hippocampus to the maxillary bodies, it arches over the thalamus

therefore connects:
hippocampus to maxillary bodies

maxillary bodies to anterior nuclei of thalamus

Question 19

what lies anterior to hippocampus

Answer 19

amygdala

Question 20

in what kind of people do you see atrophy(shrinkage) of maxillary bodies

Answer 20

alcoholics

vernilase syndrome
+ they would be given vit B and C

Question 21

symptom from accidental transection of fornix

Answer 21

loss of RECALL memory rather than recognition

+ difficulty in recalling long-term information

would NOT affect semantic memory (eg. knowledge of foreign language/facts/general knowledge)