Muscles: lower limb Flashcards
2 muscles that make up iliopsoas muscle
iliacus
- origin = iliac fossa
- action = thigh flexion
- innervation = femoral nerve
psoas major
- origin = vertebral bodies T12-L4
- action = thigh/hip flexion, thigh external rotation
fuse together and insert into lesser trochanter of femur
3 main ligaments from hip to femur
ileofemoral
-AIIS to intertrochanteric line
pubofemoral
-superior pubic rami to intertrochanteric line
ishcialfemoral
-ischial body to greater trochanter
superficial muscles of hip (gluteal)
gluteus maximus
- origin: ilium/sacrum/coccyx
- inserts: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity on femur
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
superficial muscles of hip/ gluteal region
gluteus maximus
- origin: ilium/sacrum/coccyx
- inserts: iliotibial tract(ASIS-> lateral condyle of tibia) and gluteal tuberosity on femur
- innervation: INFERIOR gluteal nerve
- arterial: inferior + superior gluteal
gluteus medius
- orgin: external surface of ilium
- insertion: greater trochanter
- innervation/arterial: SUPERIOR gluteal
gluteus minimus
- origin: external surface of ilium (lower than medius)
- insertion: greater trochanter
- innervation/arterial: SUPERIOR gluteal
deep muscles and ligaments of hip/gluteal region
piriformis
-internal/pelvic surface of sacrum
superior + inferior gemelli
-origin: ischial spine / tuberosity
obturator internus
-origin: internal surface of obturator foramen
above all insert into greater trochanter
obturator externus
- external surface of obturator membrane/superior, inferior pubic rami
- insert: trochanteric fossa
quadratus femoris
-ischial tuberosity to below intertrochanteric crest
ligaments:
- sacrotuberous (ischial tuberosity + ilium-sacrum part + coccyx)
- sacrospinous (sacrum + ischial spine)
4 muscles making up quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris
-AIIS
vastus medialis
-intertrochanteric line
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
-greater trochanter
INSERTION - patella via tendon
INNERVATION - femoral nerve
Sartorius
origin - ASIS
insertion - medial part of tibia near tuberosity
nerve - femoral
action - flexion/abduction/external rotation of hip + internal rotation/flexion of knee
adductors of leg
All innervated by OBTURATOR (L2-4)
pectinous
- also by femoral nerve
- pecten pubis —-> pectineal line (femur)
adductor brevis
- inferior pubic rami
- linea aspera + pectineal line
adductor longus
- medial superior pubic rami
- linea aspera
adductor Magnus
- Inferior pubic rami, ischial tuberosity
- linea aspera + adductor tubercle of tibia
- also by tibial nerve (L4) and branches of sciatic nerve
gracilis
- pubic symphysis
- medial tibia
posterior hamstring muscles
all originate from ischial tuberosity (except short head - linea aspera of femur)
all innervated by sciatic nerve: tibial branch (except short head = common fibular branch)
action: FLEXION@knee EXTENSION@hip
semimebranous
-inserts: medial tibial
semitendinous
-medial tibial
long head of biceps femoris
-lateral tibial + fibula
short head of biceps femoris
-lateral tibial + fibula
muscles marking the boundary for femoral triangle
SAIL (shaped)
Sartorius
adductor longus
inguinal Ligament
Tensor fasciae latae
ASIS to iliotibial tract (ASIS–>lateral condyle of tibia)
superior gluteal nerve
which muscles are responsible for knee:
- flexion
- extension
- lateral/external rotation
- internal rotation
FLEXION
- gracilis
- sartorious
- popliteus
EXTENSION
- quadriceps femoris (1 rectus + 3 vastus)
LATERAL ROTATION
- biceps femoris
EXTERNAL
- semimembranous
- semitendonous
- sartorious
- popliteus
action of ilitibial tract
- tenses the fascia lata
- abduction
- flexion
- INTERNAL rotation of hip joint
cruciate ligaments
ANTERIOR
- anterior tibial intercondylar fossa–> posterior lateral condyle of femur
- restricts anterior translation + medial rotation of tibia
POSTERIOR
- posterior tibial intercondylar fossa —> anterior medial condyle
- restricts posterior translation + lateral rotation of tibia
talocural joint (ankle) ligaments + which ones most likely to be torn during ankle inversion
anterior + posterior TALOFIBULAR
anterior + posterior TIBIOFIBULAR
CALCANEOFIBULAR
Medial Collateral (Deltoid)
calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular
muscles of superficial posterior leg
Gastrocnemius
- medial head - medial femoral condyle
- lateral head - lateral femoral condyle
soleus
-soleus line of tibia
together–> calcenous tendon(achilles)–> they insert –>calcaneus
sciatic—> TIBIAL NERVE
muscles of deep posterior leg
plantaris
- not in everyone
- lateral supracondylar line (femur)
- calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
popliteus
- lateral femoral condyle
- posterior surface of tibia above soleus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
-insert: bases of distal phalanges 2nd-5th digits
flexor hallucis longus
-insert: base of distal phalanx of 1st toe
TIBIAL NERVE/ARTERY
lateral muscles of the leg
fibularis longus
-insert: medial cuneiform + base of 1st metatarsal bone
fibularis brevis
-insert: tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
common peroneal nerve —->SUPERFICIAL fibular
action - evert the foot
anterior muscles of leg
tibialis anterior
- insert: medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal
- origin: lateral tibia
extensor digitorum longus
- origin: lateral tibia
- insert: bases of lateral 4 digits
extensor hallucis longus
- origin: medial surface of fibula
- base of distal phalanx of 1st toe
Peroneus (fibularis) tertiu
-not in everyone
common perineal nerve —> DEEP fibular
muscles on dorsal aspect of foot
extensor hallucis brevis
-calcaneus to 1st proximal phalanx
extensor digitorum brevis
-calcaneus to middle phalanges of 4 digits
DEEP fibular nerve
dorsal pedis artery
muscles within the 4 muscular layers of foot (plantar)
1 (origin: calcaneal tuberosity)
- flexor digitorum brevis (middle phalanges) - medial plantar nerve
- abductor hallucis (proximal) - medial plantar nerve
- abductor digiti minimi (proximal) - lateral plantar nerve
2
- quadratus plantae (calcaneous to flexor digitorum longus tendon) - lateral plantar nerve
- 4 lumbricals (tendon of FDL)
3
- flexor hallucis brevis (interosseous membrane/posterior fibula to distal 1st toe) - tibial nerve
- adductor hallucis (oblique and transverse head) - lateral plantar
- flexor digiti minimi brevis - lateral plantar
4
- plantar interossei
- dorsal interossei
