Neuroanatomy - CN, lobes, CNS & PNS Flashcards
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
important for planning, decision making
Contains important speech structures, including Broca’s area, primary motor cortex (motor strip which controls voluntary movements), and supplementary motor cortex (speech motor planning)
CNX Vagus Nerve innervations:
all intrinsic muscles of the larynx (lateral and posterior cricoarytenoids, interarytenoids)
all pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus)
all velar muscles (except for tensor veli palatini)
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to
muscles of inferior muscles of pharynx (inferior constrictor muscle and cricopharyngeus) and cricothyroid
What is the primary muscle for changing pitch?
cricothyroid
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve carries sensory information from…
the larynx above vocal folds and from tongue base and epiglottis
What is the primary cranial nerve branch associated with voice?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What are the 6 cranial nerves that SLPs focus on the most?
the fairy godmother vexxed a hex
V trigeminal
VII facial
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI spinal accessory
XII hypoglossal
unilateral
one sided
ipsilateral
same side of the body
proximal
near given position
anterior
in front of
superior
above
rostral
near front
caudal
near tail
inferior
below
posterior
behind
distal
away from given position
contralateral
opposite side of body
bilateral
both sides innervating
differentiate between neurons and nerves
individual cells in the brain (dendrites, axon, cell body)
axons bound together by connective tissue
differentiate between nerves and tracts
signal to and from muscles/sensory organs
group of neurons that travel the CNS
differentiate between efferent and afferent
e: motor nerve - brain send signal down to the corticospinal or corticobulbar nerve to innervate a muscle
a: sensory nerve - signal comes up from sensory organ via the corticospinal or corticobulbar nerve to the brain
differentiate between pyramidal system vs. extrapyramidal system
ps: tracts (in cerebral cortex) carry fibers to spinal cord and brain stem
- voluntary control - body and face muscle
es: tracts (in brain stem) carry fibers to spinal cord
- involuntary and automatic control of muscles (tone, balance, posture)
differentiate between UMN and LMN
UMN: brain to brain stem
LMN: leave spine and innervate the muscle
differentiate between corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
spinal: to spinal nerves (supplies musculature of body)
bulbar: to cranial nerves (supplies musculature of head and neck)
the central nervous system consists of
brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system consists of
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
the autonomic nervous system
involuntary motor
conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscles
the somatic nervous system
voluntary motor
conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
what is the cerebellum responsible for?
balance, coordination, posture
- related to cognition, speech and language
what is the brainstem responsible for?
automatic reflexes and vegetative functions (breathing/swallowing)
- midbrain, pons, medulla
what is the cerebrum responsible for?
largest part of brain divided into hemispheres, “thinking” portion
what is the thalamus responsible for?
relays sensory information to higher brain regions (sight, hearing, touch, taste)
what is the basal ganglia responsible for?
posture and tone
what is the spinal cord respondsible for?
PNS begins here, nerves leave CNS and travel to body
gray matter consists of
cell bodies, dendrites
white matter consists of
myelinated axons, glial cells
medulla
controls/regulates heartbeat and breathing
hippocampus
short and long term memory
amygdala
emotions
hypothalamus
thirst, hunger, body temperature
hesch’s gyrus
auditory processing
angular gyrus
region of the brain involved in language and cognitive processes in parietal lobe near top edge of temporal
