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PRAXIS > Neuroanatomy - CN, lobes, CNS & PNS > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - CN, lobes, CNS & PNS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

important for planning, decision making

Contains important speech structures, including Broca’s area, primary motor cortex (motor strip which controls voluntary movements), and supplementary motor cortex (speech motor planning)

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2
Q

CNX Vagus Nerve innervations:

A

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx (lateral and posterior cricoarytenoids, interarytenoids)
all pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus)
all velar muscles (except for tensor veli palatini)

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3
Q

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to

A

muscles of inferior muscles of pharynx (inferior constrictor muscle and cricopharyngeus) and cricothyroid

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4
Q

What is the primary muscle for changing pitch?

A

cricothyroid

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5
Q

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve carries sensory information from…

A

the larynx above vocal folds and from tongue base and epiglottis

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6
Q

What is the primary cranial nerve branch associated with voice?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

What are the 6 cranial nerves that SLPs focus on the most?

the fairy godmother vexxed a hex

A

V trigeminal
VII facial
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI spinal accessory
XII hypoglossal

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8
Q

unilateral

A

one sided

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9
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side of the body

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10
Q

proximal

A

near given position

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11
Q

anterior

A

in front of

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12
Q

superior

A

above

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13
Q

rostral

A

near front

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14
Q

caudal

A

near tail

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15
Q

inferior

A

below

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16
Q

posterior

A

behind

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17
Q

distal

A

away from given position

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18
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of body

19
Q

bilateral

A

both sides innervating

20
Q

differentiate between neurons and nerves

A

individual cells in the brain (dendrites, axon, cell body)

axons bound together by connective tissue

21
Q

differentiate between nerves and tracts

A

signal to and from muscles/sensory organs

group of neurons that travel the CNS

22
Q

differentiate between efferent and afferent

A

e: motor nerve - brain send signal down to the corticospinal or corticobulbar nerve to innervate a muscle

a: sensory nerve - signal comes up from sensory organ via the corticospinal or corticobulbar nerve to the brain

23
Q

differentiate between pyramidal system vs. extrapyramidal system

A

ps: tracts (in cerebral cortex) carry fibers to spinal cord and brain stem
- voluntary control - body and face muscle

es: tracts (in brain stem) carry fibers to spinal cord
- involuntary and automatic control of muscles (tone, balance, posture)

24
Q

differentiate between UMN and LMN

A

UMN: brain to brain stem
LMN: leave spine and innervate the muscle

25
Q

differentiate between corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

A

spinal: to spinal nerves (supplies musculature of body)

bulbar: to cranial nerves (supplies musculature of head and neck)

26
Q

the central nervous system consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

27
Q

the peripheral nervous system consists of

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

28
Q

the autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary motor
conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscles

29
Q

the somatic nervous system

A

voluntary motor
conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

30
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

balance, coordination, posture
- related to cognition, speech and language

31
Q

what is the brainstem responsible for?

A

automatic reflexes and vegetative functions (breathing/swallowing)
- midbrain, pons, medulla

32
Q

what is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

largest part of brain divided into hemispheres, “thinking” portion

33
Q

what is the thalamus responsible for?

A

relays sensory information to higher brain regions (sight, hearing, touch, taste)

34
Q

what is the basal ganglia responsible for?

A

posture and tone

35
Q

what is the spinal cord respondsible for?

A

PNS begins here, nerves leave CNS and travel to body

36
Q

gray matter consists of

A

cell bodies, dendrites

37
Q

white matter consists of

A

myelinated axons, glial cells

38
Q

medulla

A

controls/regulates heartbeat and breathing

39
Q

hippocampus

A

short and long term memory

40
Q

amygdala

A

emotions

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

thirst, hunger, body temperature

42
Q

hesch’s gyrus

A

auditory processing

43
Q

angular gyrus

A

region of the brain involved in language and cognitive processes in parietal lobe near top edge of temporal

PRAXIS (12 decks)

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