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PRAXIS > Anatomy/Respiration > Flashcards

Anatomy/Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

How many times per minute do individuals inhale and exhale during normal respiration?

A

12-18

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2
Q

List the muscles of inspiration. (5)

A
  1. diaphragm
  2. external intercostals (pulls ribs up and out)
  3. serrates posterior superior (elevates rib cage)
  4. levator costarium brevis
  5. levator costarium longis
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3
Q

List the muscles of expiration.

A

internal intercostal muscles
latissimus dorsi
rectum abdominis
transverse abdominis
internal obliques
quadratus lumborum

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4
Q

List the structures involved in respiration.

A
  1. trachea
  2. lungs
  3. bronchi
  4. spinal column
  5. sternum (manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process)
  6. rib cage
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5
Q

Describe the Myoelastic-Aerodynamic theory.

A

theory of phonation. VF closes – which builds up sub-glottal air pressure – pressure blows the VF apart – VF vibrate – air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure – VF are sucked back together

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6
Q

List the laryngeal cartilages.

A
  1. hyoid bone
  2. epiglottis
  3. thyroid cartilage
  4. cricoid cartilage
  5. arytenoids
  6. corniculates
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7
Q

List the 3 layers of the vocal folds

A
  1. epithelium (outer)
  2. lamina propria (middle)
  3. vocalis muscle (body)
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8
Q

Aryepiglottic folds

A

go from arytenoids to larynx and help preserve airway

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9
Q

Ventricular folds

A

vibrate at times with low frequencies

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10
Q

List the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation.

A
  1. internal thyroarytenoid (vibrates and produces phonation)
  2. cricothyroid (lengthens and tenses VF)
  3. oblique and transverse arytenoid (adductors)
  4. posterior cricoarytenoid (abducts)
    lateral cricoarytenoid (adducts)
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11
Q

List the elevator extrinsic muscles involved in phonation.

A

digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
hyoglossus
genioglossus

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12
Q

List the depressor extrinsic muscles involved in phonation.

A

thyrohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
sternohyoid

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13
Q

How many teeth do we have?

A

32

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14
Q

List the parts of the tongue.

A

tip, blade, dorsum, root, lingual frenulum

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15
Q

List the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A
  1. superior longitudinal muscle (tip up)
  2. inferior longitudinal muscle (tip down)
  3. transverse muscle (elongates tongue)
  4. vertical muscle (narrows tongue)
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16
Q

What cranial nerve innervates intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue?

A

CN XII hypoglossal

17
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A
  1. genioglossus (bulk of tongue, retracts, draws down)
  2. styloglossus (up and back)
  3. hyoglossus (retracts and depress)
  4. chondroglossus (depress)
  5. palatoglossus (elevates tongue and depresses velum)
18
Q

List the muscles of the pharynx.

A
  1. salpingopharyngeus: elevates laryngeal wall
  2. stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
  3. superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
  4. middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
  5. inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of pharynx
19
Q

List the muscles of the soft palate.

A
  1. levator veli palatini (elevates velum)
  2. tensor veli palatini (tenses velum)
  3. palatoglossus (elevates and depresses velum)
  4. palatopharyngeus (lowers velum)
20
Q

List 2 structures involved in hard palate.

A

premaxilla
palatine process

21
Q

List the elevation mandible muscles.

A

masseter
temporalis
pterygoid

22
Q

List the depressor mandible muscles.

A

digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid

PRAXIS (12 decks)

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