Neuroanatomy Flashcards
4 parts of the CNS
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Encased meningeal layers
- Ventricular system and CSF
6 parts of PNS
- Cranial nerves (face and head)
- Spinal nerves
- Somatic nervous system
- Visceral nervous system
- Cranial/ spinal ganglia
- Enteric NS
What do we call direction when talking about the brain
Anatomical references
Anatomical reference towards nose is called…
Anterior (or rostral)
Direction pointing towards tail is called…
Posterior (or caudal)
Direction pointing up…
Dorsal
Direction pointing down…
Ventral
Name for line running down middle of NS
Midline
Structures closest to the midline are…
Medial
Further from the midline…
Lateral
Two structures that are on the same side of the midline are…
Ipsilateral
Contralateral means…
Structures on opposite sides of the midline
Section going down the midline
Midsagittal
Section perpendicular to midline (splits anterior and posterior)
Coronal
Section splitting dorsal and ventral
Horizontal
Where dose a spinal nerve connect to the spinal cord
Dorsal root
Ventral root
Describe the somatic PNS
- All the spinal nerves that innervate the skin, joints and muscles under voluntary control
- Motor neurones in the ventral spinal cord (bodies within CNS but axons in PNS)
- Somatic sensory axons which collect info enter via dorsal root. Cell bodies outside CNS in dorsal root ganglia
Describe the Visceral PNS (ANS)
- Involuntary
2. Glands, arteries
Away from:
Efferent: axons innervating
Towards:
Afferent: sensory axons
Define a nerve fibre (PNS)
An axon + attendant glial cells
Define a nerve (PNS)
A collection of nerve fibres
Define a ganglion (PNS)
A collection of neuronal cell bodies
Define a tract (CNS)
A collection of nerve fibres
