Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Cranial nerves 2-12 are attached at the ___
Brainstem
Alternating hemiplegias
Central brainstem lesions
Motor cranial nuclei
VII, nucleus ambiguus
Sensory spinal cord
Dorsal roots
Posterior columns
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Anterior white commissure
Motor spinal cord
Lateral Corticospinal tract
Anterior horn
Lateral reticulospinal tract
Brainstem sensory
Spinal lemniscus Medial lemniscus Trigeminal lemniscus Lateral meniscus Descending tract of V
Brainstem motor
Corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
Brainstem special systems
Medial longitudinal fasci
What does trauma to the head cause
Hematoma, herniation, hemorrhage’s
Subdural hematoma
Bridging veins get displacement of the left cerebral hemisphere and midline shift..lateral ventricle enlarged
Problem with 9 vs 10
9-oropharyngeal sensation:gag reflex
10-laryngoscopy, dysphonia, dysphagia
9
Sensory gag
10
Motor gags
Phwhat innervates the pharynx
Pharyngeal plexus (in buccopharyngeal fascia)
Sensory of pharyngeal plexus
GVA from the pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
Pharyngeal plexus motor
SVE fibers from vagus
What conveys afferent information from gag reflex
GVA fibers from pharyngeal plexus
Branches of 9
Pharyngeal nerve to pharyngeal plexus
Sensory GVA to mucosa of post1/2 tongue and pharynx and sensory (SVA) to taste buds of post 1/3
Motor SVE to stylopharngeus muscle
Spastic hemiplegic involves __ ___
Corticospinal tract
Corticospinal tract
Upper motor neurons
Lesion in Corticospinal tract
Contralateral spastic hemiplegia
What is contralateral spastic hemiplegia
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, paralysis, and disuse atrophy
Lesion of ventral roots
Lower motor neuron paralysis
LMN paralysis
Atonia, areflexia, fasciculation, flaccid paralysis
Supranuclear fascial palsy
Corticobulbar tract
Corticobulbar originates where
Int he head region of the precentral gyrus
What is the course of the Corticobulbar fibers
Through the gene of the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle as uncrossed CBT.
Decussate in lower pons (between I and VII) and descend in the lower brainstem as crossed CBT
Unilateral lesion of uncrossed CBT
Supranuclear facial palsy
Unilateral lesion of crossed CBT (below the decussation
Ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies
The __ quadrant of the face is unaffected by unilateral lesions of the Corticobulbar fibers
Upper
Unilateral lesion of the Corticobulbar fibers to the facial nucleus result in prarlysis of the __ __ __ of the face
Controlateral lower quadrant
Proprioceptice and 2 point tactile discrimination loss below L2 dermatomes indicates involvement of what
Fasciculus gracillis
Bilateral atonia, areflexia and flaccid paralysis involving C7-T1 motor dermatomes indicates involvement of which of the following
Anterior horn neurons
LOWER MOTOR NEURON PARALYSIS
Hemianalgesia and thermal hemianesthesia indicates involvement of what
Spinal lemniscus
Alternating hemianalgesia indicates involvement of which of the following
Descending tract V (8 and 12)
What causes alternating hemianalgesia
Lesion of the descending tract of V and the spinal lemniscus
CPA and Wallenberg syndrome
Have alternating hemianalgesia
Lesion of V
Complete anesthesia of the face and paralysis of the muscle of mastication
Bilateral diminution of hearing with a more prominent loss in one ear indicates involvement of what
Lateral lemniscus
Unilateral lesion of lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, brachium of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body result in
Bilateral diminution of hearing with a more prominent hearing loss in the contralateral ear
One horizontal gaze to the right, the left eye does not adductor and the right eye shows nystagmus indicators involvemtn of which
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Left eye INO (intraocular opthalmoplegia)
Horizontal base to the left is normal, disturbances in gaze to the right
Gaze to the left shows no addition of left eye and nystagmus in right eye
Left internuclear opthaloplegia
Normal horizontal gaze to the left
Disturbance in horizontal gaze to the right
With left INO why do we get normal horizontal gaze tot he left and not to the right
The oculomotor nucleus on the left and right abducens nucleus are not communicating so have no abduction on left and have nystagmus on right
What does the abducens nucleus mediate? What about the oculomotor
Abducens-lateral rectus
Oculomotor-medial rectus
Left homonymous hemianopia indicates involvement of which of the following
Optic tract
Unilateral lesions of the lateral geniculate body, complete optic radiations or visual cortex result in ___ ___ ___
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
Left homonymous hemianopia would indicate a lesion on the _ visual pathway
Right (optic tract, lateral geniculate body or complete optic radiations)
Internal strabismus indicates involvement of what
Abducens nerve
CN1 injury
Specific olfactory challenges
CN2 injury
Visual fields, light reflexes, acuity
CN3 right
Cardinal signs of gaze
CN3 left
Complete ptosis, ext. strabismus, pupil dil
CNIV right
Cardinal signs of gaze
CN IV left
Inability to adduct and depress
CNVI right
Cardinal signs of gaze
CN6 left
Internal strabismus
CNVII
Muscles of facial expression
CNVIII
Unilateral impaired hearing
CNIX
Oropharyngeal sensation: gag reflex
CNX
Laryngoscopy, dysphonia, dysphagia
CNXI
Inability to shrug shoulder (trap) or flex or flex and rotate head opposite affected muscle (scm)
CNXII
Paralysis, fasciculataions, derivation of protruded tongue to affected side
Contralateral
Sensory or motor deficits occurring not he opposite side of the causative lesion
Lesion right motor cerebral cortec
Contralateral paralysis of the left side of body
Ipsilateral
Sensory of motor deficits occurring on the same side as the causative lesion
Destruction fo the posterior column of spinal cord on right side
Ipsilateral loss of proprioception and tactile discrimination fromt he right side of the body below the level of the lesion
Afferent
Sensory
Efferent
Motor
Somatotropin
Sensory or motor pathways convey their fibers in a highly organized laminated fashion as they ascend or descended to specific regions of the cortex
Parts of cortec, major sensory and motor(pyramidal)