Lower Limb Flashcards
What are the most common lower leg injuries
Knee, leg and foot
How do most lower leg injuries occur
Acute trauma during contact sports such as hockey and foot ball and from overuse during endurance sports
Why are adolescents more vulnerable to sport related lower limb injuries
Demands of sports on their maturing MSK systems
The cartilaginous models of the bones in the developing lower limbs are transformed into bone by ___ ___
Endochondral ossification
When does endochondral ossification of lower limb complete
Early adulthood
Epiphyseal plates
Discs of hyaline cartilage between the metaphysics and epiphysis of a mature long bone that permit the bone to grow long
During a growth spurt, do muscles of bones grow faster
Bone
Osteochondrosis
Irritation and injury of epiphyseal plates and developing bones from combined stress on the epiphysesal plates resulting from physical activity and rapid growth
Pelvic fractures
Hip bone fracture
Hip fracture
Femoral Head, neck or trochanter
How may you get an avulsion fracture of the hip bone
Sports that require sudden acceleration or deceleration forces, such as sprinting or kicking a footblall, soccer, hurdle jumping, basketball and martial arts
What is an avulsion fracture
A small part of bone with a pierce of a tendon or ligament attached is avulsed away
Where do avulsion fractures typically occur
Apophyses
Coxa vara
When angle on inclination is decreased between the long axis of the femoral neck and the femoral shaft
Coxa Volga
When angle of inclination between long axis of femoral neck and femoral short is increased
Valga and virus describe what
Joint deformed
Coxa vara causes a mild ___ of the lower limb and limits passive abduction of the hip
Shortens
Why in older children and adolescents , may the epiphysis of the femoral head slip away fromt he femoral neck
Weak epiphyseal plate
What may cause dislocation of epiphysis of femoral head
Acute trauma or repetitive microtraumas that place increased shearing stress on the epiphysis, especially with abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
The epiphysis often dislocates slowly resulting in a progressive __ ___
Coxa vara
Common initial symptom of dislocated epiphysis of femoral head
Hip discomfort that may be referred to the knee
How do you confirm a diagnosis of a dislocated epiphysis of the head of the femur
Radiographically examination of the superior end of the femur
Despite its large size and strength, the femur is commonly ___
Fractured
Why is the neck of the femur the most frequently fractured part
Narrowest and weakest and lies at a marked angle to the line of weight bearing (pull of gravity)