Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flow through the superficial capillary beds of the dermis affects the color of skin and can provide important clues for diagnosing certain celinical conditions. Why would the skin be blue?

A

Cyanosis due to blood not carrying enough oxygen, circulation not sending adequate amount of blood through the lungs, or person stopped breathing

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2
Q

Why does cyanosis happen

A

Oxygen carrying hemoglobin of blood appears bright red when carrying oxygen and purplish blue when not carrying oxygen

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3
Q

Where is cyanosis most evident

A

Skin thin such as lips, eyelids, nails

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4
Q

Why may you get erythema

A

Exposure to excess heart, infection, inflammation or allergic reactions cause the superficial capillary beds to become engorged

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5
Q

Why may skin be yellow

A

Bilirubin builds up in the blood

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6
Q

Is it easier to tell skin color changes in white people of black people

A

White

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7
Q

Do skin incisions parallel or to tension lines or ones that cross tension lines heal better

A

Parallel! Uninterrupted fibers tend to retain the cut edges in place
Lacerations aacross tension lines disrupt more collagen fibers, which force hte wound to gape and may heal with excessive scaring (keloid )

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8
Q

Surgeons tend to cut in parallel to tension lines except when

A

Unless something of greater importance like nerves

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9
Q

Describe the dermis

A

Collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis form a tough, flexible mesh work of tissue.the skin can distend a lot, so small incisions only necessary for surgery (as opposed to large one needed in embalmed cadaver)

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10
Q

What happens with fast size increases, such as abdominal weight gain accompanying pregnancy

A

Stretch and damage collagen causing stretch markers

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11
Q

What are stretch marks called during pregnancy and outside pregnancy

A

Pregnancy-L stria gravidarum

Outside-L striae cutis distensae-obese (hypercortisolism or cushing)

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12
Q

Stretch marks occur along with distension and loosening of deep fascia. Why?

A

Protein breakdown leading to reduced cohesion between collagen fibers

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13
Q

What is a laceration

A

Accidental cuts and skin tears are superficial or deep

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14
Q

Superficial laceration

A

Epidermis and maybe superficial dermis

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15
Q

Deep laceration

A

Penetrate the deep layer of the dermis , extending into subcutaneous tissue or beyond
Gape-suturing or stitches

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16
Q

Causes of burns

A

Thermal trauma
UV or ionizing radiation
Chemical agents

17
Q

Superficial burn

A

Limited to epidermis
Sunburn
May get erythema, pain, swelling, desquamation (peel) several days later
Quickly repacked by basal layer of epidermis without scarring

18
Q

Partial thickness burn

A

Epidermis and superficial dermis are damaged with blistering or loss; nerve endings are damaged, making MOST PAINFUL; except for superficial parts, the sweat glands and hair follicles are not damaged and can provide the source of replacement cells for the basal layer of the epidermis along with cells from the edges of the wound
Slow healing-3 to four months
Scarring, contracture but usually complete

19
Q

Full thickness burns

A

Entire thickness of the skin is damaged and often the subcutaneous tissue ; edema and burned area is numb since sensory endings are destroyed ; need skin grafting ; dead material (Eschar) is removed and replaced (grafted) over the burned area with skin harvested

20
Q

4th degree burn

A

Damage extends through the entire thickness of the skin into underlying fascia, muscle, or bone; these injuries are life threatening

21
Q

What classifies a severe burn

A

20% or more of the body is covered
Complicated by trauma or inhalation injury
Or chemicals or high voltage electricity

22
Q

How can we estimate the surface area affected by a burn in an adult

A

Rule of 9s!

-body divided into areas each with 9% or multiples of 9%

23
Q

3 risk factors that increase risk of death from burn or injury

A

1-age older than 60
2-partial thickness and full thickness over 40% of body
3-presence f inhalation injury