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Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a spinal nerve root?

A

Connects spinal nerve

to segment of spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the two types of spinal nerve roots?

A

Dorsal root

Ventral root

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3
Q

What does the dorsal root carry?

A

Sensory fibres

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4
Q

What is the dorsal root ganglion?

A

Collection of cell bodies of afferent sensory neurones

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5
Q

What does the ventral root carry?

A

Motor and autonomic fibres

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6
Q

What are spinal nerves?

A

Merging of dorsal and ventral roots

contain both sensory and motor fibres

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7
Q

Where are spinal nerves located?

A

As they pass though the intervertebral foramen

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8
Q

What is the significance of the spinal nerve passing through the intervertebral foramen?

A

Marks the division of the CNS and PNS

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9
Q

How many spinal nerve roots are there?

A

31

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10
Q

How are the spinal nerve roots numbered?

A

Depending on the level at which they leave the vertebral column

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11
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin?

A

Inferior margin of medulla oblongata

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12
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

Conus medullaris

at L2

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13
Q

Are spinal cord segments vertically aligned with their corresponding vertebrae?

A

Not really

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14
Q

How do lumbar, sacral, coccygeal nerves exit?

A

Long spinal nerve roots
descent down in cauda equina
then exit at their own intervertebral foramina

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15
Q

Where do C1 - C7 nerves exit?

A

Above their corresponding vertebrae

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16
Q

Where does C8 exit?

A

Above T1

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17
Q

Where do T1-L5 exit?

A

Below their corresponding vertebrae

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18
Q

Where do S1-S4 exit?

A

4 pairs of sacral foramina

19
Q

Where do S5 and Co1 exit?

A

Posterior sacral hiatus

20
Q

What do spinal nerves divide into?

A

Anterior rami

Posterior rami

21
Q

What do the posterior rami divide into?

A

Medial branch

Lateral branch

22
Q

What do posterior rami supply?

A

Dorsal trunk - DEEP muscles

Dorsal trunk - skin

23
Q

What do the anterior rami do?

A

Enter plexuses

24
Q

What do anterior rami supply?

A

Upper limb - muscles and skin
Lower limb - muscles and skin
Ventral and lateral trunk - muscles and skin

25
Q

What is the meningeal branch?

A

Branch off spinal nerve

26
Q

Where does the meningeal branch run?

A

Re-enters vertebral canal through intervertebral foramen

27
Q

What does the meningeal branch supply?

A

Vertebrae
Ligaments
Blood vessels
Meninges

28
Q

What are the rami communicantes?

A

Branch off spinal nerve

join the sympathetic chain of the ANS

29
Q

What are the divisions of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior

Posterior

30
Q

What are the functions of the anterior cord?

A

Sensory and motor

Light touch
pinprick
pain

31
Q

What are the functions of the posterior cord?

A

Vibration sense

Proprioception

32
Q

How can the anterior motor part of the cord be divided up?

A

Central tracts

Lateral tracts

33
Q

What is the function of the central tracts?

A

Move arms

34
Q

What is the function of the lateral tracts?

A

Move legs

35
Q

What is anterior cord syndrome?

A

Injury to the anterior part of the spinal cord

36
Q

What are the general consequences of anterior cord syndrome?

A

Loss of sensation

Loss of movement

37
Q

What do the specific consequences of anterior cord syndrome depend on? Give some examples

A

The level of the injury

Cervical affects both arms and legs
Thoracic affects legs only

38
Q

What is central cord syndrome?

A

Injury to central part of spinal cord

39
Q

What are the consequences of central cord syndrome?

A

Loss of upper limb sensory and motor function much more compared to lower limb

40
Q

What is posterior cord syndrome?

A

Injury to posterior part of spinal cord

41
Q

What are the consequences of posterior cord syndrome?

A

Loss of vibration sense

Loss of proprioception

42
Q

How do patients with posterior cord syndrome present?

A

Loss of co-ordination

43
Q

What is a neural level?

A

Last functioning level in terms of sensory and motor power

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