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Joints of vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

What lies in between the vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral discs

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2
Q

What percentage of the vertebral column height is made up by the intervertebral discs, normally?

A

25%

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3
Q

What are the intervertebral discs made up of?

A

Fibrocartilage
70% water
20% collagen
10% proteoglycans

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4
Q

What shape are the intervertebral discs?

A

Wedge shaped

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5
Q

Are the intervertebral discs thicker anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly

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6
Q

What is the basic structure of an intervertebral disc?

A

Inner nucleus polposus

Outer annulus fibrosus

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7
Q

What is the basic structure of the annulus fibrosis?

A

Lamellae of annular bands

at different angles to each other

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8
Q

What are the outer lamellae made out of?

A

Type 1 collagen (like ligaments)

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9
Q

What are the inner lamellae made out of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

What is the vascular and nervous supply of the annulus fibrosis?

A

It doesn’t have any!

is avascular and aneural

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11
Q

What is the function of the annulus fibrosus?

A

To act as the major shock absorber

Very resilient under compression

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12
Q

What is the nucleus polposus derived from?

A

Is a remnant of the notochord

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13
Q

What is the nucleus polopsus made up of?

A

Type 2 collagen, lots of water

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14
Q

Where is the nucleus polopsus located in children? And in adults?

A

Located centrally in children

Located posteriorly in adults

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15
Q

What causes changes in size of the nucleus polopsus?

A

Age

Also changes in size throughout the day

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16
Q

What are the main ligaments of the vertebral column?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Interspinous ligaments

Supraspinous ligament

17
Q

How are the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments named?

A

In relation to their position to the vertebral body

18
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament originate?

A

Anterior tubercle of atlas

19
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament insert?

A

Sacrum

20
Q

How is the anterior longitudinal ligament attached to most of the vertebral column?

A

Adhered to periosteum of vertebral bodies

Mobile over intervertebral discs

21
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Prevent hyperextension

22
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament originate?

A

Body of axis

23
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament insert?

A

Sacral canal

24
Q

What does the posteriorly longitudinal ligament continue superiorly as?

A

The tectorial membrane

25
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Prevent hyperflexion

26
Q

Which is stronger - the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

The anterior longitudinal ligament

27
Q

How does the posterior longitudinal ligament affect disc prolapse?

A

It dictates where the disc will prolapse

disc will move laterally to it

28
Q

Where does the ligamentum flavum lie?

A

Between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

29
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Prevent hyperflexion

Strengthen the facet joints

30
Q

What is the colour of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Yellow

31
Q

The ligamentum flavum contain lots of what type of fibre?

A

Elastic fibres

32
Q

What do the interspinous ligaments attach to?

A

Superior spinous process

inferior spinous process

33
Q

Are the interspinous ligaments relatively strong or weak?

A

Weak

34
Q

Where are the interspinous ligaments most well developed?

A

Lumbar region

35
Q

What do the interspinous ligaments do?

A

Stabilise flexion

36
Q

What do the interspinous ligaments fuse with?

A

The supraspinous ligament

37
Q

What does the supraspinous ligament attach to?

A

Tips of adjacent spinous processes

38
Q

Is the supraspinous ligament relatively strong or weak?

A

Strong

39
Q

What is the function of the supraspinous ligament?

A

Prevent hyperflexion

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