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Bones of vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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2
Q

How is the vertebral column divided into different regions?

A 
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 sacral 
4 coccygeal
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3
Q

How many discrete vertebrae are there?

A

24

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4
Q

What do the 9 inferior vertebrae form?

A

5 sacral vertebrae fuse together to form the sacrum

4 coccygeal vertebrae fuse together to form the coccyx

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5
Q

What are the most mobile regions of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical

Lumbar

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6
Q

What is a relatively immobile region of the vertebral column? Why?

A

Thoracic

Because of the articulations with the ribs

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7
Q

How do the most mobile regions of the vertebral column translate clinically?

A

Neck pain and lower back pain are most common

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8
Q

What happens to the sizes of the vertebrae as you move down the vertebral column? Why?

A

Become larger

because are bearing more weight

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9
Q

What is the basic structure of a typical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body - anterior
Vertebral arch - posterior
Seven processes

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10
Q

What are the seven process in a vertebrae?

A

Spinous process
Transverse process x2
Superior articular process x2
Inferior articular process x2

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11
Q

What shape is the vertebral body?

A

Kidney bean shaped

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12
Q

What is the largest part of a vertebrae?

A

Usually the vertebral body

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13
Q

What is the function of the vertebral body?

A

Give strength to vertebral column

support weight, usually

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14
Q

What happens to the sizes of the vertebral bodies as you move down the vertebral column? Why?

A

Become larger

because are bearing more weight

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15
Q

What is the bone composition of the vertebral body?

A

90% spongey bone

10% compact bone

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16
Q

Where do adjacent vertebrae come into most contact with each other?

A

The vertebral body

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17
Q

What are the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body covered with?

A

Discs of hyaline cartilage

18
Q

What are the discs of hyaline cartilage called?

A

Vertebral end plates

19
Q

What is the spinous process?

A

Projection of bone
in the midline
points posteriorly and somewhat inferiorly

20
Q

Where does the spinous process arise from?

A

Junction between two laminae

21
Q

What are the transverse processes?

A

Two of them - left and right
projection of bone
point postero-laterally

22
Q

Where do the transverse processes arise from?

A

Junction between pedicles and lamina

23
Q

What are the superior articular processes?

A

Projection of bone
project superiorly as name suggests
have an articulating surface

24
Q

What do the superior articular processes articulate with?

A

The inferior articular processes of the above vertebrae

25
Q

What are the inferior articular processes?

A

Projection of bone
project inferiorly as name suggests
have an articualting surface

26
Q

What do the inferior articular processes articulate with?

A

The superior articular surfaces of vertebrae below

27
Q

What are the superior and inferior articulating surfaces lined with?

A

Cartilage

28
Q

What is the name of the joint between the superior and inferior articulating surfaces?

A

Facet joint

29
Q

What type of joint are facet joints?

A

Synovial

Planar type

30
Q

What are the functions of the facet joints?

A

Lock the vertebrae in place, preventing anterior dislocation

Give a degree of movement

Bear a small amount of weight

31
Q

Which movements can occur at the facet joints?

A

Flexion, extension

Rotation

32
Q

What does the degree of flexion, extension, rotation depend on?

A

The orientation of the articular surfaces forming the facet joints

33
Q

What forms the vertebral arch?

A

Lamina x2 - right and left

Pedicles x2 - right and left

34
Q

What is a lamina?

A

Bone in between transverse process and spinous

process

35
Q

What is a pedicle?

A

Bone in between transverse process and vertebral body

36
Q

What is the vertebral foreamen?

A

Gap created by posterior surface of verteberal body and vertebral arch

37
Q

What is the vertebral canal?

A

Empty column created by the succession of vertebral foramina

38
Q

What lies in the vertebral canal?

A

The spinal cord
Roots of spinal nerves as they emerge from spinal cord

Vessels that suply them

39
Q

What are the vertebral notches?

A

Two of them
Indentations above and below pedicle
in between vertebral body and articular processes

40
Q

What is the intervertebral foramen?

A

Gap formed by vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae

41
Q

What runs through the intervertebral foramen?

A

Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve

Vessels that supply them

42
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

Support

  • skull
  • thoracic cage
  • upper limbs
  • pelvis

Protection

  • spinal cord
  • cauda equina

Movement
-very flexible

Haemopoiesis - occurs in red marrow

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