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Cervical vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cervical vertebrae found?

A

Skeleton of neck

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2
Q

What is the relative size of the cervical vertebrae? Why?

A

Smallest vertebrae

bear less weight

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3
Q

What is the relative size of the vertebral body of the cervical vertebrae? Why?

A

Small

bear less weight

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4
Q

What are the distinctive features of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Large triangular vertebral foramen
Transverse foramen
Bifid spinous process
Superior articular facet faces upwards and posteriorly
Inferior articular facet faces downwards and anteriorly

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5
Q

Why is the vertebral foramen large in the cervical vertebrae?

A

To acommodate the enlargement of the spinal cord in the cervical region

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6
Q

What is a transverse foramen?

A

Hole in the transverse process

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7
Q

What runs in the transverse foramen? What is the exception? Why?

A

Vertebral arteries
Vertebral veins

C7 transverse foramen only carries vertebral vein
because it’s smaller

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8
Q

What is the signifiance of the articular facets being almost horizontal?

A

Permit a greater range of movement - flexion, extension, rotation

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9
Q

What is the C1 vertebrae called?

A

The atlas

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10
Q

What is the widest cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 atlas

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11
Q

How is the atlas an atypical bone?

A

Doesn’t have a vertebral body
Doesn’t have a spinous process
Has lateral masses

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12
Q

Why doesn’t the atlas have a vertebral body?

A

It’s body fused with the axis to form the odontoid process

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13
Q

What are the lateral masses?

A

Thickening of the vertebral arch

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14
Q

Where do the transverse processes arise from in the atlas?

A

From the lateral masses

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15
Q

What is the function of the lateral mass?

A

Bear weight of occipit of skull superiorly

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16
Q

Where are the superior and inferior articulating surfaces located in the atlas?

A

Superiorly and inferiorly to the lateral masses

17
Q

What does the superior articulating surface of the atlas articulate with?

A

The occipital bone

18
Q

What does the inferior articulating surface of the atlas articulate with?

A

C2 - axis

19
Q

How else does the atlas articulate with the axis?

A

Has an articular facet
located posteriorly to the anterior tubercle
articulates with the odontoid process

20
Q

What is the atlas basically made up of?

A

Anterior arch
Posterior arch
Lateral masses

21
Q

What movement occurs at the anlanto-occipital joint?

A

Half of total flexion and extension

E.g. Nodding

22
Q

What movement occurs at the Atlanta-axial joint?

A

Half of total rotation

E.g. Shaking the head

23
Q

What are the other features of the atlas?

A

Anterior tubercle
Posterior tubercle
Tubercle for transverse ligament of atlas
Groove for vertebral artery

24
Q

What is the C2 vertebra called?

A

The axis

25
Q

What is the strongest cervical vertebra?

A

C2 - axis

26
Q

How is the axis an atypical bone?

A

Odontoid process
Lateral masses
Largest spinous process

27
Q

What is the odontoid process?

A

Projection of bone
From anterior axis
projects superiorly

28
Q

Where does the dens lie in relation to the atlas?

A

Within the vertebral foramen of the atlas

29
Q

How is the odontoid process held in position in the vertebral foramen of the atlas?

A

By the transverse ligament

runs behind the odontoid process

30
Q

What are the functions of the dens and the transervse ligament?

A

Prevent anterior displacement of atlas

31
Q

What is C7 often referred to? Why?

A

The vertebra prominents

because it has the longest and hence most prominent spinous process

32
Q

How is C7 an atypical vertebrae?

A

Spinous process is not bifid
Large transverse process
Small transverse foramina

33
Q

What is the additional ligament of the cervical vertebrae?

A

The nuschal ligament

34
Q

What is the nuschal ligament essentially?

A

Thickening of supraspinous ligament

35
Q

Where does the nuschael ligament originate?

A

External occipital protuberance

36
Q

What does the nuschal ligament attach to?

A

Spinous processes

37
Q

Where does the nuschal ligament insert?

A

Spinous process of C7

38
Q

What are the functions of the nuschal ligament?

A

Maintains lordotic secondary curvature of cervical spine

Helps cervical spine support head

Major site of attachment of neck and trunk muscles e.g. trapezius, rhomboid minor

39
Q

What are the movements of the cervical spine?

A

Flexion
Extension

Lateral flexion

Rotation

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