Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Thalamic blood supply
Primarily PCA + branches (some anterior supply laterally (anterior choroidal->LGN)
Paramedian
Tuberothalamic (PCOM branch)
Inferolateral
Posterior choroidal
Anterior thalamic syndrome
Perseverations, superimposition of unrelated information, apathy, amnesia, emotional facial paresis
Paramedian thalamic syndrome
Disinhibition, loss of self activation, and amnesia, vertical gaze paresis - thalamic dementia
Inferolateral thalamic syndrome
Ataxia, hypesthesia, executive dysfunction (pure sensory, sensiromotor, Dejerine-Roussy)
Posterior thalamic
Hypoesthesia, homonymous horizontal sectoranopsia, aphasia, neglect
Field cuts in LGN
Anterior choroidal
Lateral choroidal form posterior choroidal of posterior circulation
Anterior thalamic nuclei
Anterior, lateral dorsal
Medial thalamic nuclei
Medial dorsal
Lateral thalamic nuclei
VA, VL, VPM/VPL, LGN, MGN, pulvinar
Intralaminar thalamic nuclei
Midline thalamic nuclei - adjacent to third ventricle
Reticular
Thin layer surround thalamus
Thalamic relay nuclei: specific vs non-specific vs intralaminar vs reticular
Specific: unique functional and anatomic correlate to projection (e.g., retina,anterior visual pathway->LGN->occiptal cortex)
Non-specific: pulvinar receives input from multiple sensory modalities (SS, vision) and project to parietal, temporal and occipital association areas
Diffuse relay nuclei with other deep structures (BG, brainstem)
Reticular nucleus - inhibitory intrathalamic, reciprocal projections
What generates sleep spindles
Reticular nucleus
What special sense bypasses the thalamus?
Olfactory
Thalamic nuclei involved in sensory processing
Thalamic nuclei involved in motor control
Thalamic nuclei involved in oriented towards behaviorally relevant stimuli
Thalamic nuclei involved in emotional processing
Intralaminar nuclei
What causes thalamic dementia?
Infarct of paramedian artery or other lesion of DM nucleus
Bilateral thalamic infarcts from single occlusive event?
Artery of Percheron
Which thalamic nuclei does not project to the cortex?
Reticular nucleus - gates stimuli, generates sleep spindles
Which thalamic nuclei does not project to the cortex?
Reticular nucleus - gates stimuli, generates sleep spindles