Neuro unit

Question 0

Astrocyte

Answer 0

Glial cell type of the CNS that provides support for neurons and maintains the blood-brain barrier

Question 1

Action Potential

Answer 1

Change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal

Question 2

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

Functional division of the nervous system that is responsible for homeostatic reflexes that coordinate control of cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue

Question 3

Axon terminal

Answer 3

End of an axon where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Single process of the neuron that carries an electrical signal away from the cell body toward a target cell

Question 5

Bipolar

Answer 5

Shape of a neuron with two processes extending from the neuron cell body the axon and one dendrite

Question 6

Cell body (soma)

Answer 6

In neurons, that portion of the cell that contains the nucleus, the cell body, as opposed the the cell processes

Question 7

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 7

Anatomical division of the nervous system located within a cranial and vertebral cavities, namely the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Dendrite

Answer 8

One of many branchlike processes that extends from the neuron cell body and functions as a contact for incoming signals from other neurons or censors cells

Question 9

Depolarization

Answer 9

Change in a cell membrane potential from rest toward zero

Question 10

Ependymal cell

Answer 10

Glial type cell in the CNS responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 11

Ganglion

Answer 11

Localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 12

Glial cell

Answer 12

One of the various types of neural tissue cells responsible for maintenance of the tissue, and largely responsible for supporting neurons

Question 13

Graded potential

Answer 13

Change in the membrane potential that varies in size depending on the size of the stimulus that elicits it

Question 14

Gray matter

Answer 14

Regions of the nervous system containing cell bodies of neurons with few or no myelinated axons

Question 15

Excitable membrane

Answer 15

Cell membrane that regulates the movement of ions so that an electrical signal can be generated

Question 16

Integration

Answer 16

Nervous system function that combines sensory perceptions and higher cognitive functions to produce a response

Question 17

Interneuron

Answer 17

Connect sensory and motor divisions

Question 18

Microglia

Answer 18

Glial type cell in the CNS that serves as resident component of the immune system

Question 19

Membrane potential

Answer 19

The difference in voltage measured across a cell membrane under steady-state conditions

Question 20

Motor neuron

Answer 20

Carries impulses from the CNS to viscera, muscles, or glands

Question 21

Multipolar

Answer 21

Shape of a neuron that has multiple processes ( the axon and two or more dendrites)

Question 22

Myelin

Answer 22

A lipid-rich insulating substance surrounding the neuron, allowing faster transmission of electrical signals

Question 23

Myelin sheath

Answer 23

Lipid rich layer the surrounds an axon formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS; facilitates the transmission of electrical signals

Question 24

Nerve

Answer 24

Cord like bundle of axons located in the PNS that transmits sensory input and response output to and from the CNS

Question 25

Neuron

Answer 25

Neural tissue cell that is primarily responsible for generating and propagating electrical signals into, within, and out of the nervous system

Question 26

Neurotransmitter

Answer 26

Chemical signal that is released from the synaptic end bulb of a neuron to cause a change in the target cell

Question 27

Node of Ranvier

Answer 27

Gap between two myelinated regions of an axon, allowing for strengthening of electrical signals as it propagates down the axon

Question 28

Nucleus

Answer 28

A localized collection of neuron cell bodies that are functionally related, a "center" of a neural function

Question 29

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

Division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for restful and digestive functions

Question 30

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Answer 30

Anatomical division of the nervous system that is largely outside the cranial and vertebral cavities, namely all parts except for the brain and spinal cord

Question 31

Pøłārîźęd

Answer 31

More positive ions outside than inside the membrane

Question 32

Process

Answer 32

An extension of the cell body includes axon and dendrites

Question 33

Propagation

Answer 33

Movement of an action potential along the length of an axon

Question 34

Receptor

Answer 34

Graded potential in a specialized sensory cell that directly causes the release

Question 35

Receptor

Answer 35

A cell that transduces environmental stimuli into neural signals

Question 36

Reflex arc

Answer 36

Circuit of a reflex that invoices a sensory input and motor output and an integrating center to connect the two branches

Question 37

Refractory period

Answer 37

Time after the initiation of an action potential when another action potential cannot be generated

Question 38

Repolarization

Answer 38

Return of the membrane potential to its normal negative voltage at the end of the action potential

Question 39

Satellite cell

Answer 39

Glial cell type in the PNS that provides support for neurons in the ganglia

Question 40

Schwann cell

Answer 40

Glial cell type in the PNS that provides myelin insulation for axons in the nerves

Question 41

Sensory neuron

Answer 41

Nerve fibers that carry information to the CNS

Question 42

Somatic nervous system

Answer 42

Functional division of nervous system that is concerned with conscious perception

Question 43

Stimulus

Answer 43

An event in the external or internal environment that registers as an activity in the sensory neuron

Question 44

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 44

Division of the autonomic nervous system associated with the fight or flight response

Question 45

Synapse

Answer 45

Narrow junction across which a chemical signal passes from one neuron to the next, initiating a new electrical signal in the target cell

Question 46

Threshold

Answer 46

Membrane voltage at which an action potential is initiated

Question 47

Tract

Answer 47

Bundle of axons in the CNS having the same function and point of origin

Question 48

Unipolar

Answer 48

Shape of a neuron which has only one process that includes the axon and dendrites

Question 49

White matter

Answer 49

Regions of the nervous system containing mostly myelinated axons, making the tissue appear white because of the high lipid content of myelin