Heart Vocab Flashcards by Lauren Jones

Apex

Tip of the external nose

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Aorta

The largest artery in the body, originating in left ventricle and descending to the abdominal region where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebrae

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Artery

Blood vessel that conducts blood away from the heart

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atrioventricular node

A part of the conduction system that sends the impels to contact through the the heart

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atrioventricular valve

Allow blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle

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Atrium

Upper or receiving chamber of the heart that pumps blood into lower chambers just prior to their contraction

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Bicuspid valve

Valve located between the atrium and the ventricle

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Blood pressure

Force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel or heart chamber

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Bundle branches

A bundle of branches

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Bundle of His

Group of specialized of myocardial conductile cells that transmit the impulse from the AV node through the interventricular septum

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Capillary

Smallest of blood vessels where physical exchange occurs between the blood and tissue cells

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Cardiac cycle

Period of time between the onset of atrial contraction and ventricular relaxation

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Cardiac output

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle during one minute

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Diastole

Period of time when the heart muscle is relaxed and the chambers full with blood

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Endocardium

Inner most layer of the heart lining in the heart chamber and valves

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Epicardium

Innermost layer of the serous pecardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall

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Fibrous pericardium

Outer layer of the heart

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Heart rate

Number of time the heart beats per minute

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Conduction system

The system that conducts the impulse for the heart to beat

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Myocardium

Thickest layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle cells built upon a framework of primarily collagenous fibers and blood vessels that supply it and the nervous fibers that help to regulate it

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Pacemaker

Cluster of specialized myocardial cells known as the SA node that initiates the sinus rhythm

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Parietal pericardium

Outer layer of the side of the heart

Pericardium

Membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures

Pulmonary arteries

One of two branches that divides off from the pulmonary trunk trunk and leads to smaller arterioles and eventually to pulmonary capillaries

Pulmonary trunk

Large arterial vessel that carries blood ejected from the right ventricle

Pulse

Alternating expansion and recoil of an artery as blood moves through the vessel

Purkinje fiber

Specialized myocardial conduction fibers that arise from the bundle branches and spread the impulse to the myocardial contraction fibers of the ventricles

Semilunar valve

Valves located at the base of the pulmonary trunk and at the base of the aorta

Serous fluid

Lubricating substance that is secreted by the serous gland

Sinoatrial node

Also know as pacemaker (refer to pace maker card)

Stroke volume

Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per contraction

Systematic circulation

The amount of blood pumped throughout the body by the heart*

Systole

Period of time when the heart muscle is contracting

Tricuspid valve

Term used most often in clinical settings for the right atrioventricular valve

Valve

A specialized structure located within the heart or vessels that ensures one-way flow of blood

Vein

Blood vessels that conducts blood toward the heart

Vena cava

The artery that conducts blood away form the heart and into the lungs and stuff

Ventricle

One of the primary pumping chambers of the heart located in the lower portion

Visceral pericardium

Layer of connective tissue that is located in the outermost layer

Bradycardia

Abnormally low heart rate

Congestive heart failure

A chronic condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should.

Endocarditis

An infection of the heart's inner lining, usually involving the heart valves.

Fibrillation

An irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow.

Heart palpitation

A feeling that your heart is beating too hard or too fast, skipping a beat, or fluttering.

Hypertension

A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick.

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure

Mitral valve prolapse

Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers.

Myocardial infarction

A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

Myocarditis

Inflammation of the middle layer of the heart wall.

Pulmonary heart disease

the medical term for disease affecting the blood vessels leading to or from the lungs. Most forms of pulmonary vascular disease cause shortness

Tachycardia

Abnormally high heart rate

Serous pericardium

functions to lubricate the heart with pericardial fluid, which is stored in the space between the parietal and visceral layers.