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Flash Cards > Muscle Vocab > Flashcards

Muscle Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Actin

A

Protein that makes up most of the myofilaments in a sacromere muscle fiber

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1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter that binds at a motor end plate to trigger depolarization

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2
Q

Action potential

A

A change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal

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3
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Production of ATP in the presence of oxygen

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4
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad, tendon like sheet of connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to another skeletal muscle or to a bone

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Heart muscle under involuntary control

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6
Q

Contraction

A

Th shortening or tightening of muscles

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7
Q

Direct phosphorylation

A

The addition of one or more phosphate groups the an organic compound

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8
Q

Endomysium

A

Loose and well hydrated connective tissue covering each muscle fiber in a skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Epimysuim

A

Outer layer of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Fascicle

A

A bundle of muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Glycolysis

A

Anaerobic breakdown of glucose into ATP

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12
Q

Graded muscle response

A

Moderation of contraction strength

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13
Q

Insertion

A

End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a structure that is moved when the muscle contracts

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14
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle contraction that occurs with no change in muscle length

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15
Q

Isotonic contractions

A

Muscle contraction that involve a change in muscle length

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16
Q

Lactic acid

A

Product of anaerobic glycolysis

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17
Q

Motor neuron

A

A motor command pathway that is directly connected to the skeletal muscle

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18
Q

Motor unit

A

Motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers it innervates

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19
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle

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20
Q

Muscle tension

A

Force generated by contraction of muscle

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21
Q

Muscle tone

A

Low levels of muscle contraction that happen when the muscle is not producing a movement

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22
Q

Myofibril

A

Jong cylindrical organelle that runs parallel within the muscle fiber and contains the sarcomeres

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23
Q

Myosin

A

Protein that makes up most of the thick cylindrical myofilament within a sarcomere muscle fiber

24
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

Synapse between the Axon terminal of a motor neuron and the section of the membrane of a muscle fiber with receptors for acetylcholine released by the terminal

25
Q

Origin

A

End of a skeletal muscle attached to another structure in a fixed position

26
Q

Oxygen debt

A

Amount of oxygen needed to compensate for ATP produced without oxygen during muscle contraction

27
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue that bundles skeletal muscle fibers into fascicles Roth in a skeletal muscle

28
Q

Power stroke

A

Action of myosin pulling actin inwards

29
Q

Resistance exercise

A

Exercise such a lifting weights

30
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

When there is no ATP available for myosin heads to detach from the actin-binding sites, so the cross-bridges stay in place, causing the rigidity in the skeletal muscles

31
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber

32
Q

Sarcomere

A

Longitudinally repeating functional unit of skeletal muscle with all of the contractile and associated proteins involved in a contraction

33
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum which stores, releases, and retrieves Ca++

34
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Usually attached to a bone and under voluntary control

35
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Under involuntary control, moves internal organs

36
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between a nerve terminal and motor ending plate

37
Q

T-tubule

A

Projection of the sarcolemma into the interior of a cell

38
Q

Tendon

A

Dense connective tissue structure that anchors a muscle to bone

39
Q

Tetanus

A

A continuos fused contraction

40
Q

Thick filament

A

Other thick myosin strand and their multiple heads projecting form the center of the sarcomere towards but not all the way to the z-discs

41
Q

Thin filament

A

Thin strands of actin and its troponin-tropomyosin complex projecting from the z-discs towards the center of the sarcomere

42
Q

Triad

A

A grouping of t-tubules and two terminal cisternae

43
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Regulatory protein that covers myosin binding sites to prevent actin from binding to myosin

44
Q

Troponin

A

Regulatory protein that binds to actin, tropomyosin, and calcium

45
Q

Twitch

A

Single contraction caused by one action potential

46
Q

Wave summation

A

Addition of successful neural stimuli Ito produce greater contraction

47
Q

Charley horse

A

Muscle cramp

48
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

A condition that results in chronic widespread pain and tenderness all over.

49
Q

Fibromyositis

A

Chronic inflammation of a muscle

50
Q

Hernia

A

A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.

51
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

A weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control.

52
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

A chronic muscular pain disorder.

53
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A

a form of muscular dystrophy accompanied by myotonia.

54
Q

Shin splints s

A

Pain caused by overuse along the shinbone, the large front bone in the lower leg.

55
Q

Spasm

A

A sudden involuntary muscle contraction

56
Q

Strain

A

When a muscle is pulled or stretched to an extreme or damaging degree.

57
Q

Tetanus

A

A serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death.

Flash Cards (15 decks)

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