Muscle Vocab

Question 0

Actin

Answer 0

Protein that makes up most of the myofilaments in a sacromere muscle fiber

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Neurotransmitter that binds at a motor end plate to trigger depolarization

Question 2

Action potential

Answer 2

A change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal

Question 3

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 3

Production of ATP in the presence of oxygen

Question 4

Aponeurosis

Answer 4

Broad, tendon like sheet of connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to another skeletal muscle or to a bone

Question 5

Cardiac muscle

Answer 5

Heart muscle under involuntary control

Question 6

Contraction

Answer 6

Th shortening or tightening of muscles

Question 7

Direct phosphorylation

Answer 7

The addition of one or more phosphate groups the an organic compound

Question 8

Endomysium

Answer 8

Loose and well hydrated connective tissue covering each muscle fiber in a skeletal muscle

Question 9

Epimysuim

Answer 9

Outer layer of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle

Question 10

Fascicle

Answer 10

A bundle of muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle

Question 11

Glycolysis

Answer 11

Anaerobic breakdown of glucose into ATP

Question 12

Graded muscle response

Answer 12

Moderation of contraction strength

Question 13

Insertion

Answer 13

End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a structure that is moved when the muscle contracts

Question 14

Isometric contraction

Answer 14

Muscle contraction that occurs with no change in muscle length

Question 15

Isotonic contractions

Answer 15

Muscle contraction that involve a change in muscle length

Question 16

Lactic acid

Answer 16

Product of anaerobic glycolysis

Question 17

Motor neuron

Answer 17

A motor command pathway that is directly connected to the skeletal muscle

Question 18

Motor unit

Answer 18

Motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers it innervates

Question 19

Muscle fiber

Answer 19

Multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle

Question 20

Muscle tension

Answer 20

Force generated by contraction of muscle

Question 21

Muscle tone

Answer 21

Low levels of muscle contraction that happen when the muscle is not producing a movement

Question 22

Myofibril

Answer 22

Jong cylindrical organelle that runs parallel within the muscle fiber and contains the sarcomeres

Question 23

Myosin

Answer 23

Protein that makes up most of the thick cylindrical myofilament within a sarcomere muscle fiber

Question 24

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 24

Synapse between the Axon terminal of a motor neuron and the section of the membrane of a muscle fiber with receptors for acetylcholine released by the terminal

Question 25

Origin

Answer 25

End of a skeletal muscle attached to another structure in a fixed position

Question 26

Oxygen debt

Answer 26

Amount of oxygen needed to compensate for ATP produced without oxygen during muscle contraction

Question 27

Perimysium

Answer 27

Connective tissue that bundles skeletal muscle fibers into fascicles Roth in a skeletal muscle

Question 28

Power stroke

Answer 28

Action of myosin pulling actin inwards

Question 29

Resistance exercise

Answer 29

Exercise such a lifting weights

Question 30

Rigor Mortis

Answer 30

When there is no ATP available for myosin heads to detach from the actin-binding sites, so the cross-bridges stay in place, causing the rigidity in the skeletal muscles

Question 31

Sarcolemma

Answer 31

Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber

Question 32

Sarcomere

Answer 32

Longitudinally repeating functional unit of skeletal muscle with all of the contractile and associated proteins involved in a contraction

Question 33

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 33

Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum which stores, releases, and retrieves Ca++

Question 34

Skeletal muscle

Answer 34

Usually attached to a bone and under voluntary control

Question 35

Smooth muscle

Answer 35

Under involuntary control, moves internal organs

Question 36

Synaptic cleft

Answer 36

Space between a nerve terminal and motor ending plate

Question 37

T-tubule

Answer 37

Projection of the sarcolemma into the interior of a cell

Question 38

Tendon

Answer 38

Dense connective tissue structure that anchors a muscle to bone

Question 39

Tetanus

Answer 39

A continuos fused contraction

Question 40

Thick filament

Answer 40

Other thick myosin strand and their multiple heads projecting form the center of the sarcomere towards but not all the way to the z-discs

Question 41

Thin filament

Answer 41

Thin strands of actin and its troponin-tropomyosin complex projecting from the z-discs towards the center of the sarcomere

Question 42

Triad

Answer 42

A grouping of t-tubules and two terminal cisternae

Question 43

Tropomyosin

Answer 43

Regulatory protein that covers myosin binding sites to prevent actin from binding to myosin

Question 44

Troponin

Answer 44

Regulatory protein that binds to actin, tropomyosin, and calcium

Question 45

Twitch

Answer 45

Single contraction caused by one action potential

Question 46

Wave summation

Answer 46

Addition of successful neural stimuli Ito produce greater contraction

Question 47

Charley horse

Answer 47

Muscle cramp

Question 48

Fibromyalgia

Answer 48

A condition that results in chronic widespread pain and tenderness all over.

Question 49

Fibromyositis

Answer 49

Chronic inflammation of a muscle

Question 50

Hernia

Answer 50

A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.

Question 51

myasthenia gravis

Answer 51

A weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control.

Question 52

myofascial pain syndrome

Answer 52

A chronic muscular pain disorder.

Question 53

Myotonic dystrophy

Answer 53

a form of muscular dystrophy accompanied by myotonia.

Question 54

Shin splints s

Answer 54

Pain caused by overuse along the shinbone, the large front bone in the lower leg.

Question 55

Spasm

Answer 55

A sudden involuntary muscle contraction

Question 56

Strain

Answer 56

When a muscle is pulled or stretched to an extreme or damaging degree.

Question 57

Tetanus

Answer 57

A serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death.