neuro: terms

Question 1

commisure

Answer 1

tract connecting one hemisphere to another

Question 2

lemnisci

Answer 2

narrow strips of fibres

Question 3

funiculi

Answer 3

rope/ cord

Question 4

fasiculi

Answer 4

bundle

Question 5

capsule

Answer 5

sheet of white matter fibres bordering a nucleus of grey matter

Question 6

column

Answer 6

longitudinally running fibres separated by other structures (eg dorsal column)

Question 7

cortex

Answer 7

laminated grey matter on outside of brain (eg motor cortex) (G)

Question 8

nuclei

Answer 8

collections of nerve cell bodies within the CNS (eg arcuate nucleus) (G)

Question 9

ganglia

Answer 9

collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS (eg dorsal root ganglia) and some inside the CNS that have a capsule (eg basal ganglia) (G)

Question 10

afferents

Answer 10

axons taking information towards the CNS (eg sensory fibres) (G)

Question 11

efferents

Answer 11

axons taking information to a site outside the CNS (eg motor fibres) (G)

Question 12

reticular

Answer 12

‘netlike’, where grey and white matter mix (eg reticular formation of the brainstem

Question 13

ipsilateral

Answer 13

same side

Question 14

contralateral

Answer 14

opposite side

Question 15

medial

Answer 15

towards midline

Question 16

median

Answer 16

at midline

Question 17

lateral

Answer 17

away from midline

Question 18

rostral

Answer 18

towards nose (anterior)

Question 19

caudal

Answer 19

towards tail (posterior)

Question 20

dorsal in brain stem/ cord

Answer 20

posterior

Question 21

ventral in brain stem/ cord

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

dorsal in cerebrum

Answer 22

superior

Question 23

ventral in cerebrum

Answer 23

inferior

Question 24

sulci (sulcus)

Answer 24

grooves

Question 25

gyri (gyrus)

Answer 25

ridges

Question 26

frontal lobe

Answer 26

- voluntary movement on opposite side of body - frontal lobe of dominant hemisphere controls speech and writing - intellectual functioning, thought processes, reasoning and memory

Question 27

parietal lobe

Answer 27

receives and interprets sensations including pain, touch, pressure, size, shape and body part awareness

Question 28

temporal lobe

Answer 28

understanding spoken words, sounds, memory and emotion

Question 29

occipital lobe

Answer 29

understanding visual images and written words

Question 30

where (roughly) is the white matter

Answer 30

underlying the cortex

Question 31

thalamus

Answer 31

relay centre directing inputs to cortical areas (G)

Question 32

hypothalamus

Answer 32

regulatory centre of temperature and water balance

Question 33

cerebellum

Answer 33

coordinates movement and balance (W)

Question 34

where is the cerebellum

Answer 34

lies over dorsal surface of brainstem attached by 3 peduncles (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 35

what separates the cerebellum from the dorsal brainstem

Answer 35

4th (IV) ventricle

Question 36

what is the cerebellum made up of (3 things)

Answer 36

folded cortex white matter deep inner nuclei

Question 37

what 4 things can cerebral injury result in

Answer 37

asynergia (loss of coordination of motor movement) intention tremor (movement tremor) hypotonia (weak muscles) nystagmus (abnormal eye movements)

Question 38

asynergia

Answer 38

loss of coordination of motor movement

Question 39

intention tremor

Answer 39

movement tremor

Question 40

hypotonia

Answer 40

weak muscles

Question 41

nystagmus

Answer 41

abnormal eye movements

Question 42

colliculi

Answer 42

small swellings on the roof of the midbrain involved in vision and hearing

Question 43

tectum

Answer 43

area of the midbrain responsible for vision and hearing reflexes

Question 44

what is the tectum made up of

Answer 44

superior and inferior colliculi

Question 45

peduncle

Answer 45

2 stalks at the front of the midbrain that attach the cerebrum to the brainstem

Question 46

pons

Answer 46

bridge between cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 47

where is the pons

Answer 47

above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain

Question 48

what are the 2 types of specialised cell in the CNS

Answer 48

neurones and glial (or neuroglial) cells

Question 49

cerebrum function

Answer 49

controls voluntary actions - learning - memory - personality - conscious thought

Question 50

cerebellum function

Answer 50

controls unconscious functions - posture - balance - non-voluntary movement

Question 51

medulla oblongata

Answer 51

used in autonomic control - heart rate - breathing rate

Question 52

Association fibres

Answer 52

Axons which stay in one cerebral hemisphere (forebrain)

Question 53

Projection fibres

Answer 53

White matter that connects the cortex with other areas in the CNS

Question 54

Commisural fibres

Answer 54

White matter that connects the same cortical area in opposite hemispheres