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neuro: terms Flashcards

1
Q

commisure

A

tract connecting one hemisphere to another

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2
Q

lemnisci

A

narrow strips of fibres

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3
Q

funiculi

A

rope/ cord

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4
Q

fasiculi

A

bundle

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5
Q

capsule

A

sheet of white matter fibres bordering a nucleus of grey matter

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6
Q

column

A

longitudinally running fibres separated by other structures (eg dorsal column)

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7
Q

cortex

A

laminated grey matter on outside of brain (eg motor cortex) (G)

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8
Q

nuclei

A

collections of nerve cell bodies within the CNS (eg arcuate nucleus) (G)

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9
Q

ganglia

A

collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS (eg dorsal root ganglia) and some inside the CNS that have a capsule (eg basal ganglia) (G)

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10
Q

afferents

A

axons taking information towards the CNS (eg sensory fibres) (G)

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11
Q

efferents

A

axons taking information to a site outside the CNS (eg motor fibres) (G)

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12
Q

reticular

A

‘netlike’, where grey and white matter mix (eg reticular formation of the brainstem

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13
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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14
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side

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15
Q

medial

A

towards midline

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16
Q

median

A

at midline

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17
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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18
Q

rostral

A

towards nose (anterior)

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19
Q

caudal

A

towards tail (posterior)

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20
Q

dorsal in brain stem/ cord

A

posterior

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21
Q

ventral in brain stem/ cord

A

anterior

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22
Q

dorsal in cerebrum

23
Q

ventral in cerebrum

24
Q

sulci (sulcus)

25
Q

gyri (gyrus)

26
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • voluntary movement on opposite side of body
  • frontal lobe of dominant hemisphere controls speech and writing
  • intellectual functioning, thought processes, reasoning and memory
27
Q

parietal lobe

A

receives and interprets sensations including pain, touch, pressure, size, shape and body part awareness

28
Q

temporal lobe

A

understanding spoken words, sounds, memory and emotion

29
Q

occipital lobe

A

understanding visual images and written words

30
Q

where (roughly) is the white matter

A

underlying the cortex

31
Q

thalamus

A

relay centre directing inputs to cortical areas (G)

32
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulatory centre of temperature and water balance

33
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates movement and balance (W)

34
Q

where is the cerebellum

A

lies over dorsal surface of brainstem attached by 3 peduncles (superior, middle and inferior)

35
Q

what separates the cerebellum from the dorsal brainstem

A

4th (IV) ventricle

36
Q

what is the cerebellum made up of (3 things)

A

folded cortex
white matter
deep inner nuclei

37
Q

what 4 things can cerebral injury result in

A

asynergia (loss of coordination of motor movement)
intention tremor (movement tremor)
hypotonia (weak muscles)
nystagmus (abnormal eye movements)

38
Q

asynergia

A

loss of coordination of motor movement

39
Q

intention tremor

A

movement tremor

40
Q

hypotonia

A

weak muscles

41
Q

nystagmus

A

abnormal eye movements

42
Q

colliculi

A

small swellings on the roof of the midbrain involved in vision and hearing

43
Q

tectum

A

area of the midbrain responsible for vision and hearing reflexes

44
Q

what is the tectum made up of

A

superior and inferior colliculi

45
Q

peduncle

A

2 stalks at the front of the midbrain that attach the cerebrum to the brainstem

46
Q

pons

A

bridge between cerebellum and cerebrum

47
Q

where is the pons

A

above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain

48
Q

what are the 2 types of specialised cell in the CNS

A

neurones and glial (or neuroglial) cells

49
Q

cerebrum function

A

controls voluntary actions

  • learning
  • memory
  • personality
  • conscious thought
50
Q

cerebellum function

A

controls unconscious functions

  • posture
  • balance
  • non-voluntary movement
51
Q

medulla oblongata

A

used in autonomic control

  • heart rate
  • breathing rate
52
Q

Association fibres

A

Axons which stay in one cerebral hemisphere (forebrain)

53
Q

Projection fibres

A

White matter that connects the cortex with other areas in the CNS

54
Q

Commisural fibres

A

White matter that connects the same cortical area in opposite hemispheres

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