Neuro Flashcards
What muscles can change the stiffness of the ossicular chain?
Stapedius and tensor tympani.
Name 4 cerebellar nuclei.
- Dentate.
- Emboliform.
- Globose.
- Fastigial.
where is the primary motor cortex?
pre-central gyrus
Which of the cavities of the cochlea are filled with perilymph?
Scala vestibuli and scala tympani.
where does venous blood exit the cranium?
jugular foramina
other name for primary motor cortex?
Brodmann’s Area 4
what comes before the relative refractory period?
the absolute refractory period
What are the anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
The CNS (brain and spinal cord) and the PNS (cranial nerves and spinal nerves).
- What does Cn2 innervate?
- What are it’s functions?
- Innervates: retina.
- Function: vision.
Define axonal transmission.
Transmitting information from A to B.
Where do sympathetic nerves come from?
T1 -> L2 spinal nerves.
- What does Cn4 innervate?
- What are it’s functions?
- Innervates: superior oblique.
- Functions: movement of eyeball.
What are the vestibular apparatus?
- Otolithic organs: utricle and saccule.
2. 3 Semi-circular canals.
Describe the I’MAuditory pathway.
Inferior colliculi -> inferior brachium -> medial geniculate body.
- Concerned with the reflex of looking towards a loud noise.
What is the cauda equina?
Spinal nerves from the lower spinal cord that hang obliquely downwards.
What are the signs of UMN weakness?
- Increased muscle tone.
- Hyper-reflexia.
- Spasticity.
- Minimal muscle atrophy.
What do the middle cerebellar peduncles convey?
They send information from the primary motor cortex about the motor plan to the cerebellum - corticopontocerebellar tract.
What tracts are known as the dorsomedial system?
DCML.
What is the action(s) of medial rectus on the eyeball?
- Adduction.
Where do the two optic nerves meet?
At the optic chiasm. The images from the two eyes are fused here.
What is the peripheral nervous system?
The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. It includes the cranial nerves (except 1 and 2) and the spinal nerves.
- What does Cn1 innervate?
- What are it’s functions?
- Innervates: olfactory epithelium.
- Function: olfaction.
What tracts are known as the ventrolateral/anterolateral system?
Spinothalamic tracts.
- What does Cn6 innervate?
- What are it’s functions?
- Innervates: lateral rectus.
- Function: eye movement, abduction.