Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Neuro Physiology > Flashcards

Neuro Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of PNS

A

Somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 divisions of spinal cord superior to inferior

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dorsal root stimulation

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ventral root stimulation

A

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the forebrain divided into

A

Telecephalon

Decephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Term for midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hindbrain division and what they include

A

Myelencephalon - medulla and pond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purpose of thalamus

A

Relay structure

Specific nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Purpose of hypothalamus

A

Homeostatis
Pleasure and sexual behavior
Hormonal control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Advantgea of ct over mri

A

Ct scan is quicker

Better to demonstrate bone calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Advantages of mri

A

No ionising radiation
Multiple planes possible
Excellent anatomical detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disadvantages of mri

A

Longer scan times
Noisy and claustrophobic
Strong magnwtic field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do the extra ocular muscles do and where are they

A

muscles that control the movement of the eye

inside the orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 elements of the blood brain barrier

A

Endothelial cell tight junctions
Lack of bm fenestrations
Astrocytic end feet
Pericytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Purpose of lack of basement membrane fenestratiosn

A

Acts as a barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Purpose of astrocytic end feet

A

They regulate the permeability of the blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

difference between CNS and PNS

A

CNA- Brain and spinal cord , collection of cell bodies in the CNS

PNS- nervous system outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which nerves have parasympathetic fibers

A

oculomotor
faciAL
VAGUS
GLOSSOPHARANYGEAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a nuclei

A

a collection of cell bodies within a nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

role of olfactory nerve

A

sensory- smell
receptors in nasal cavity
axon bundles travel through cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

role of optic nerve

A

sensory nerve
fibres travel from the retina
nerve passes through optic canal
primary visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where do the LMN and UMN start

A

umn- higher centres and project down to meet Lmn

LMN- begin in brainstem or spinal cord and projects to the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

define motor unit

A

single alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define motor pool

A

all lmn that innervate single muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is bottom up processing

A

Involved with sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a motor neuron

A

Carries information from brain or spinal cord and is involved in the regulation of activity in muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function , modality and foramens of olfactory nerve cn1

A

Sensory and smell

Leaves via cribriform plate in the ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Function, modailty and foramen of optic and occulomotor nerve

A

Optic - sensory and vision, optic canal

Occulomotor - motor and 4 extrinsic eye muscles, levator palpebrae and pupillary sphincter, superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Function , modality and foramen of trochlear nerve cn4

A

Superior oblique and motor

Superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Function , modality and branches of trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic - scalp forehead and nose
Maxillary - cheeks., lower eyelid, upperlip
Mandible - anterior 2/3 of tongue

Sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Function modality of cn 6-8

A

6- abducens, lateral rectus , motor
7- facial , muscles of facial expression BOTH
8- vestibulocochlear hearing and balance SENSORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Function and modality of cn 9 and foramen

A

9- glossopharyngeal ,
Sensory , tonsils , carotid sinus , middle ear
Motor , stylopharangeus
Parasympathetic parotid gland
originates in medulla and LEAVES VIA THE JUGULAR FORAMEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is thr cortico brainstem spinal tract indirect or direct

A

Indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Compare dorsolateral and ventromerial tract

A

Both havw direct corticospinal and indirect via brainstem nuclei

Dorsal innervate contrlaterally
Dorsal projects to distal muscles
Ventro to proximal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the basal ganglia

A

Group of nuclei that are deep within cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

compare autonomic and somatic system

A

Somatic is volountary
Autonomic is conscious
S- fibres do not synapse after they leave the cns
A- fibres synapse at a ganglion after they leave the cns
S - innervates skeletal muscle
A- innervates smooth muscle cardiac cycle muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

function of ANS

A

Thermoregulation, exercise, digestion, competition, sexual function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

sympathetic functions of ANS

A

increase heart rate and force of contraction
vasoconstriction
bronchodilation
decrease motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

parasympathetic functions of ANS

A

decrease heart rate and force of contraction
no effect on blood vessels
bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what innervates the upper thorax

A

greater splanchic nerve

41
Q

cranial nerves that are parasympathetic

A

oculomotor
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus

42
Q

neurotransmitter in the enteric system

A

5HT

43
Q

noradrenaline receptor types?

A

alpha 1 and 2

beta 1 2 3

44
Q

two subgroups of basal ganglia

A

striatum and globus pallidus

45
Q

basics of parkinsions

A

increased muscle tone
reduced movement
not enough dopamine

46
Q

basics of huntingtons

A

decreased muscle tone
overshooting movements
too much dopamine

47
Q

synthesis of dopamine

A

synthesised by l- tyrosine with the enyzme tyrosine hydroloxase

l - DOPA with DOPA decarboxylase to dopamine

48
Q

dopamine receptors and how many

A

d1 d2 d3 d4 d5

5

49
Q

function of basal ganglia

A

fine tuning of movements

50
Q

features of UMN damage

A

Spasticity
spastic weakness
brisk reflexes
positive babinski reflex

51
Q

common causes of UMN damage

A

brain stem - strokes, tumours , demyelination

spinal cord- MS, cord compression, spinal cord , vit b12 deficiency

52
Q

features of lower motor neurone damage

A

weakness- flaccid
reduced tone
muscle wasting
absent deep tendon reflexes

53
Q

Pathway of right vagus nerve

A

Anterior (infront) of subclavian artery and posterior to the sternoclavicular joint

54
Q

Pathway of left vagus

A

Inferiorly between left common corotid and left subclavian arteries , posterior to the sternoclavicular joint

55
Q

Function of trigeminal nucleus

A

Receives sensory info from the face

56
Q

Function of nucleus ambigus

A

Motor nucleus for muscles of pharynx and larynx

57
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located

A

Roof to the nasal cavity

Helps to separate nasal cavity from cranial cavity

58
Q

What makes up the ethmoid bone

A

Cribriform plate
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoidal Labyrinth

59
Q

Foramen of branches of trigeminal

A

Ophthalmic , superior orbital fissure
Maxillary foramen rotundum
Mandible - Foramen ovale

60
Q

What does the mandibular nerve innervate

A

Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Anterior 2/3 of tongue

61
Q

Facial nerve functions

A

Motor , facial expression in face
Sensory. Mouth and external ear
Special sensory , taste , anterior 2/3 on tongue
Parasympathetic , mucous glands , lacrimal glands , salivary glands excluding parotid .

62
Q

Foramen of facial nerve

A

Leaves cranial vault via internal acoustic meatus and into face through stylo mastoid foramen

63
Q

Foramen of vestibulocochclear nerve

A

Exits inner skull via internal acoustic meatus in the temporal bone

64
Q

Function modality and foramen on cn X

A

Vagus Both
Sensory , lungs , trachea and digestive tract
Motor, laryngeal , pharanygeal neck muscles
Parasympathetic , every organ above level of the colon except adrenal gland

Leaves via the jugular foramen

65
Q

Function modality and Forman of cn xi

A

Accessory
Motor
Innervates trapezius and STM

jugular foramen

66
Q

Function modality and foramen of cn12

A

Hypoglossal
Motor
Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic muscles Of the tongue

Foramen magnum

67
Q

6 bones of cranium

A 
Frontal 
Ethmoidal 
Sphenoid 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal
68
Q

Structures that pass through superior orbital fissure

A

Cn3,4,6 and ophthalmic

69
Q

Structures that pass through internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial n

Vestibulochcochlear n

70
Q

Structures that pass through jugular foramen

A

Cn 9,10,11

71
Q

What is a ganglion

A

A collection of cell bodies

72
Q

Primary function of blood brain barrier

A

Providing selective nutrient passage
Controlling fluid movement
Protecting from toxins

73
Q

How can permeability of blood brain barrier change

A

Inflammation
Permeant molecules
Impermeable molecules

74
Q

Difference between alpha and gamma motor unit

A

Alpha , muscle contraction in voluntary movement

Gamma muscle contraction in response to external forces acting on the muscle

75
Q

What muscle fibres attaches to tendons

A

Extrafusal fibres

76
Q

What innervates Golgi tendon organ

A

Type 1 b fibres

Sensory fibres

77
Q

What do tendons connect To

A

Bone

78
Q

What are Golgi tendon organs a type of

A

Proprioceptors

79
Q

What does GTO detect

A

Tension from muscle contraction

80
Q

Type 1a stretch response

A

Synapse with and excite alpha motor neurone from the same muscle and cause contraction to help shorten it

81
Q

Inverse stretch reflex

A

Inhibition of contracting muscle

Stimulation of agonist muscle

82
Q

Type 2 stretch reflex

A

Synapse with and inhibit alpha motor neurones of the antagonistic muscle causing relaxation

83
Q

Patellar reflex

A 
Patella knocked 
Activates stretch receptors in knee 
1a fibres from intrafusal fibres
Synapse with motor neurone 
Cause immediate contraction of quadriceps
84
Q

3 examples of fast neurotransmitters

A

Ach both excite and inhibit
GABA inhibitory
GLUT mainly excite

85
Q

How is neuron resting potential maintained

A

3na+ are pumped out the cell for every. 2k+ in

Use of atp and na/k transport pumps

86
Q

What provides insulation to axons in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

87
Q

What produces a myelin sheath around neuronal axons in the PNS

A

Schwann cell

88
Q

What does Saltatory conduction allow for

A

Myelin sheath insulated membrane
Conduction between nodes of ranvier
Faster conduction

89
Q

Function of myelin

A

Made from glial cells
Insulates the axon
Stop it from decaying due to electrical current leaking through axonal membrane

90
Q

5 steps in synaptic transmission

A 
Manufacture 
Storage 
Release 
Interact with post synaptic receptors 
Inactivation
91
Q

What can damage to myelin sheath cause

A

MS-scar tissue on myelin

Guillian barre syndrome -damage to pns myelin

92
Q

Is a neuromuscular junction excitatory or inhibitory

A

Excitatory

93
Q

What is spatial summation

A

Several presynaptic neurones release neurotransmitter to 1 post synaptic cleft

94
Q

What is temporal summation

A

High frequency of action potentials in pre synaptic neuron

95
Q

Slow neurotransmitter examples

A

Serotonin

Noradrenaline

96
Q

What is a modulators neurotransmitter

A

Capable of affecting a larger number of neurons at the same time

97
Q

Difference between somatic efferent and autonomic efferent

A

Somatic , single myelinated axon
Only excitatory with ach

Autonomic, preganglionic and post ganglionic
Pre- ach
Post - ach or nad

98
Q

Main difference in terms of axons between sympathetic and parasympathetic ns

A

Symp- short preganglionc axon

Para- long preganglionic axon

Neuro (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions