neuro anatomy clinical cases

Question 1

where is an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 1

between the skull and dura mater ,
dura is stripped from bone
haemorrhage from meningeal arteries

Question 2

where is a subdural haemorrhage

Answer 2

blood between dura and arachnoid

appears as a cresent on a CT scan

Question 3

where is a subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 3

blood between arachnoid and pia mater

Question 4

what and where is a intracerebral haemorrhage

Answer 4

rupture of small vessels and microaneurysms

located in internal capsule

Question 5

what is amaurosis fugax

Answer 5

temporary loss of vision in one eye

Question 6

what would indicate upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 6

increased reflexes and and increased tone - spasticity

Question 7

What lobe is involved in memory

Answer 7

Frontal lobe

Question 8

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 8

parietal lobe

Question 9

What does an eeg do

Answer 9

gives indication of regional brain activity

Question 10

what is ptosis

Answer 10

droopy eyelid

nerve damage injury

Question 11

what is an oculomotor nerve lesion

Answer 11

medial rectus is weakened

Question 12

What can damage to the thalamus cause

Answer 12

Loss of sensation or pain

Movement disorders

Question 13

what is hypermetropis

Answer 13

long sightedness
due to corneal curvature too shallow
lens not flexible enough
axial length of eyeball too short

Question 14

what is orbicularis oculi damage

Answer 14

eyelid muscle cant shut properly ie cant close eyes

Question 15

what would an optic nerve lesion cause

Answer 15

blindness in one eye

Question 16

what would damage to the central optic chiasm cause

Answer 16

bi temporal hermianopia

Cant see laterally

Question 17

what would damage to optic tract cause

Answer 17

homonymous hemianopia

Question 18

What does paralysis of Superior oblique cause

Answer 18

Diplopia when looking down

Ie double vision

Question 19

Paralysis of lateral rectus

Answer 19

Medial deviation of eye

Question 20

What fibre type is the facial nerve

Answer 20

Sensory- taste
Motor - muscles of facial expression
Parasympathetic - lacrimanl gland

Question 21

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve

Answer 21

Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

Question 22

Elderly gentleman is acting inappropriately and taking his gown off where is the likely lesion

Answer 22

Frontal lobe

Question 23

Symptoms of upper motor neuron syndrome

Answer 23

Weakness or paralysis
Hyperactive reflexes
Decreased motor control
Increased or decreased muscle tone

Question 24

symptoms of PD

Answer 24

cog wheel rigidity
rolling pill resting tremor
expressionless
hunched over

Question 25

treatment of pd

Answer 25

l dopa is given to be converted into dopamine

Question 26

Defect with right optic nerve

Answer 26

Only left eye has vision

Question 27

treatment for parkinsons

Answer 27

dopamine through L-DOPA