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Neuro > anatomy of spine and tracts > Flashcards

anatomy of spine and tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What sensations does the DCML pathway convey?

A

Fine touch, 2-point discrimination and proprioception.

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2
Q

describe the DCLM pathway

A

responsible for fine touch, proprioception and vibrations
1st order neurons
synapse to 2nd
decussate at medulla
Nucleus cuneatus in medulla for upper limb and nucleus gracillis for lower limb
synapse to 3rd in thalamus
primary somatosensory cortex in 4th

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3
Q

difference between ascending and descending pathways

A

asc- body yo brain

dec- brain to body

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4
Q

Describe the spinothalamic pathway.

A

response to pain, crude touch
reaches DRG from noicereceptors
decussation at 1 or 2 spinal levels above ventral horn for the anterior tract
Lateral synapses with first order neuron the same level it enters the spinal cord
ascends to contralateral thalamus
synapse in thalamus to third order
synapse to fourth order to carry various messages

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5
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

Post-central gyrus in parietal lobe.

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6
Q

What sensations is the lateral spinothalamic tract responsible for?

A

Pain and temperature.

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7
Q

What sensation is the anterior spinothalamic tract responsible for?

A

Crude touch.

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8
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellar tracts?

A

They carry unconscious proprioceptive information to the ipsilateral cerebellum.

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9
Q

Do the fibres decussate in the spinocerebellar tracts?

A

No! They go to the ipsilateral cerebellum.

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10
Q

describe spinocerebellar pathway

A

1st order drg to spinal cord
2. Synapse to a second order neuron.
Ventral - deccusate then ipsilaterally then inferior peduncle
Dorsal - ipsilaterally with superior peduncle
Decussates within the cerebellum.
BOTH END UP IPSILATERAL

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11
Q

name 4 ascending pathways

A

dclm
Spinothalamic
spinocerebellar
spinoreticular

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12
Q

What sensation does the spinoreticular and spinotectal convey?🌍

A

deep chronic pain

Reflexive eye and head movements towards painful stimuli

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13
Q

What do corticobulbar tracts do

A

Supply the musculature of the head and neck on the motor nuclei on cranial nerves

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14
Q

Pathway of corticospinal tract

A

UMN leaves the motor cortex through corona radiata, internal capsules and descends to brain stem in cerebral peduncles
Travel down to form pyramids
Anterior supplies proximal muscles ie trunk via ventral root
Lateral supplies distal muscles involved with fine movement via ventral root
Base of pyramid. 90% decussate and travel to opposite side of body
10% stay on the same side

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15
Q

Function of lateral corticospinal tract

A

Distal muscles such as hands

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16
Q

Function of anterior corticospinal tract

A

Proximal such as the trunk

17
Q

Symptoms of UMN SYNDROME

A

weakness
Paralysis
Decreased muscle tone

18
Q

What is cauda equina

A

Spinal nerves from lower spinal cord that hang obliquely downwards

19
Q

What are pyramidal tracts responsible for

A

Voluntary fine control and balance

20
Q

What are extra pyramidal tracts responsible for

A

Coordination , posture and muscle tone

21
Q

What is rubrospinal tract responsible for

A

Movement coordination

22
Q

What is vestibulospinal tract responsible for

A

Posture and balance

23
Q

What is tectospinal tract responsible for

A

Movement in response to visual reflexes

24
Q

Symptoms of complete spinal cord lesion

A

Weakness in all muscle groups below lesion
Complete sensory loss below lesion
Spasticity and hyperflexia

25
Q

UMN weakness signs

A

Increased muscle tone
Muscle atrophy
Hyper reflexia
Spasticity

26
Q

LMN weakness

A 
Decreased muscle tone 
Flaccid 
Muscle atrophy
No plantar response 
Absent tendon reflexes
27
Q

What can cause UMN weakness

A

Ms brain tumour

Stroke

28
Q

What can cause lmn weakness

A

Slipped disc
Neuropathies
Damage to axons
Damage to axons

29
Q

Difference between pyramidal and extra pyramidal tracts

A

Extra have deep nuclei in the brain stem

Pyramidal starts in the brain stem

30
Q

Difference between dorsal and ventral root

A

Dorsal carries sensory info from the body to spinal cord via Dorsal root
Ventral , motor info from spinal cord to the body

31
Q

Where can you find lateral horns and what do they do

A

In T1-L3
Between dorsal and ventral horns
Has cell bodies of pre ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system
Mediates fight or flight

32
Q

Difference between pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract

A

Pyramidal originate in the cerebral cortex
Extra don’t and instead they’re UMN are located within nuclei in the brain stem and they send their axons down the spinal cord

33
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract originate

A

Red nucleus of midbrain

34
Q

What are most spinocerebellar tracts react to

A

Proprioception

Neuro (9 decks)

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