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Neuro > Anatomy of Eye, Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of Eye, Ear Flashcards

1
Q

7 eye muscles

A 
Laterl rectus 
Inferior and superior rectus
Medial rectus 
Superior and inferior oblique
Levator palpabrae
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2
Q

which muscles originate from the orbit

A

all apart from the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE , INFERIOR OBLIQUE AND LEVATOR PALPABRAE

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3
Q

Where does the superior oblique arise from

A

sphenoid bone and hooks through the trochlea

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4
Q

where does the inferior oblique and lps arise from

A

IO- anterior part of orbit

lps- sphenoid

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5
Q

what are the medial and lateral rectus responsible for

A

medial- intorsion, addiction

lateral- extorsion abduction

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6
Q

role of levator palpabrae

A

elevates the upper eyelid

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7
Q

primary and secondary action of superior rectus

A
  1. elevates the eye

2, adducts and medially rotates

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8
Q

primary and secondary roles of inferior rectus

A

1-depresses the eye

2- abducts and laterally rotates

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9
Q

Where and what are the semi circular canals

A

structures inside the inner ear
within the petrous part of temporal bone
3 - anterior, posterior and lateral

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10
Q

why are the SSC at right angles

A

detects movement of head

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11
Q

what are the 3 senseorgans

A

crista
macula of uricle
macula of saccule

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12
Q

4 functions of semi circular canala

A

Detect movement of the head. Send this info centrally.

Rotation of the head in the same plane as one of the canals:

endolymph moves in the opposite direction
cupula and hair cells in the ampulla bend in the opposite direction

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13
Q

muscles in the middle ear ?

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

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14
Q

Smallest bone in the body ?

A

Stapes

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15
Q

Role of the middle ear?

A

Acoustic impedance match between air and fluid filled inner ear

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16
Q

role of the eustachian tube

A

Helps to drain fluid and equalise air pressure inside your ears
Connects to the pharynx

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17
Q

role of the labyrinth

A

responsible for balance

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18
Q

3 compartments of the cochlea

A

Scala Tympani, Scala Media & Scala vestibuli

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19
Q

what is the cochlears role

A

hearing

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20
Q

Purpose of astrocytic end feet

A

They regulate the permeability of the blood brain barrier

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21
Q

what are the three layers of the eye

A

outer layer- sclera and cornea
middle layer- uvea
inner layer- retina

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22
Q

what is the cornea made up from

A

collagen

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23
Q

5 layers of the cornea

A 
epithelium
bowmans layer
stroma
Descemet's layer
endothelium
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24
Q

function of endothelium in cornea

A

to move water out the cornea so water can pass through

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25
Q

what is the uvea made from

A

cililary body, iris, and choroid

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26
Q

main function of iris?

A

contains dilator and sphincter pupillae muscles to change amount of light that can enter

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27
Q

what is the cilialry body made from histology

A

Ciliary body – glandular epithelium produces aqueous humour ciliary
allow for accommodation

28
Q

what is between iris and lens

A

posterior chamber

29
Q

choroid function?

A

provides blood supply to outer third of retina

30
Q

NEURAL PATHWAY IN RETINA

A 
Retinal photorecptors
Bipolar cells
Amacrine & horizontal cells
Mullers glial cells
Retinal ganglion cells
31
Q

FUNCTION OF ANTERIOR SEGMENT

A

Nutrition to lens and cornea

Aqueous humour

32
Q

roles of the lens

A

Transmit light and focus it on the retina

33
Q

what are opsins

A

Opsins are transmembrane proteins which contain the light sensitive molecule retinal

34
Q

Normal papillary light reflex

A

Ipsilateral pupil contracts - direct response

Contralteral pupil consteicts - consensual response

35
Q

What is the corneoscelral junction

A

Where the cornea and sclera meet

36
Q

What do SO and IO do together

A

Abduction

37
Q

Layers of the retina

A

Outer- pigmented contains melanin

Inner layer - photoreceptors , light transduction vit a storage

38
Q

Which muscles are innervated by occulomotor

A

Levator palpebrae
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus inferior oblique

39
Q

Which muscle is innervated by trochlear

A

Superior oblique

40
Q

Which muscle is innervated by abducens nerve

A

Lateral rectus

41
Q

What secretes tears

A

Lacrimal apparatus

42
Q

Purpose of macula

A

Acuity of vision

Contains only cones

43
Q

What do the ciliary processes make

A

Aqueous humour

44
Q

What does damage to optic tract cause

A

Bitemporal heminopia

45
Q

Lesion to right optic nerve

A

Right anopia

46
Q

Damage right optic tract

A

Right homonymous hemianopia

47
Q

How do visual fields work

A

Nasal tract crosses over

Temporal tract stays on the same side

48
Q

Three parts of external ear

A

Auricle
External acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane

49
Q

Role of the auricle

A

Directs sound into external acoustic meatus

50
Q

Role of external acoustic meatus

A

Transmits sound to the tympanic membrane

Has cerumen , prevents pathogens and insects from reaching the tympanic membrane

51
Q

Role of tympanic membrane

A

Vibrates in response to sound
Transmits vibrations to ossicles
Separates ext and middle ear

52
Q

Role of oval window

A

Amplifies sound and transmits it to Scalia vestibuli

53
Q

What is the cochlear duct filled with

A

Endolymph

54
Q

What makes up the organ of corti

A

Hair cells
Supporting cells
Auditory nerve fibres

55
Q

3 ossicles in ear

A

Incus
Malleus
Stapes

56
Q

Sense organ of hearing and location

A

Organ of corti

Basilar membrane

57
Q

Neural pathway of hearing

A 
Eighth cranial nerve 
Cochlear 
Olivary nucleus 
Lateral leminiscus 
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate body 
Auditory cortex
58
Q

Where do the two components of the vestibulocochlear nerve arise from

A

Vestibular component - vestibular nuclei in pons and medulla
Cochlear - ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei in inferior cerebellar peduncles

59
Q

What is the function of vestibular hair cells

A

Detect changes in motion and position of the head

60
Q

Sound pathway

A

Sound ➡️ ext acoustic meatus ➡️ vibration of tympanic membrane ➡️ ossicle vibration ➡️oval window ➡️fluid filled vibrations in cochlea ➡️organ of corti ➡️ basilar membrane ➡️hair cell depolarisation ➡️cochlear nerve ➡️cn8➡️auditory cortex

61
Q

Parts of the inner ear

A

Semi circular Canal
Cochlea
Fluid filled space within a bone

62
Q

Innervation of stapedius

A

Facial nerve

63
Q

Innervation of eustachain tube

A

Glossopharangyeal

64
Q

What allows for the transmission of action potentials in thr ear

A

Different concentration of ions

65
Q

What is the bony labyrinth formed by

A

Vestibule
Three semi circular canals
Cochlea

Neuro (9 decks)

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