Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR5111 > Neuro & Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Neuro & Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Neurological assessment

A
  1. Assess level of consciousness (GCS)
  2. Assess muscle weakness or tremors
  3. Assess for numbness/tingling
  4. Ask about bouts of syncope, seizures, dizziness
  5. Ringing in ears, change in vision, change in smell or taste, difficulty swallowing
  6. Incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Concerns for GCS when:

A
  • GCS falls of >2 (MET call criteria)

* GCS <8 will require intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Decerebrate posturing

A

Abnormal extension to pain

Outwards from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Decorticate posturing

A

Abnormal flexion to pain

Inwards to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intracranial injury: impact on vital signs

A

Hypertension
Dysrhythmias: due to abrupt changes in ICP
Respiratory rate: becomes rapid and noisy as ICP increases

Cushings triad: acute increases in ICP = hypertension, irregular breathing, bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of the musculoskeletal system:

A
  1. Protection
  2. Support
  3. Movement
  4. Blood cell formation
  5. Mineral homeostasis
  6. Storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Musculoskeletal objective assessment:

A 
Inspect: symmetry, shape, colour, size, gait, posture
Palpate: bones, tenderness, crepitus, warmth
Test ROM
1. Spine
2. Shoulders & arms
3. Elbows
4. Wrist
5. Hands & fingers
6. Hips
7. Knees
8. Ankles & feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Risk factors for gout, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis

A

Gout: men, family history, alcoholism, obesity, chronic diseases

Osteoarthritis: women, overweight, joint injury, physical inactivity, repeated cartilage damage

Osteoporosis: women, race, bone structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnostic studies - musculoskeletal

A

Provide info on bone density, calcification in soft tissues and fractures.
X-ray, MRI, CT, Arthroscopy, serological studies, electromyography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neurovascular assessment:

A 
Used for injured limbs. 
Assess for: 
- colour
- temp
- capillary refill
- pulses
- pain (PQRST)
- sensation
- motor function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define fall:

A

An event in which a person comes to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors affecting safety (falls):

A
  • age
  • lifestyle
  • mobility
  • sensory-perception alterations
  • emotional state
  • ability to communicate
  • safety awareness
  • environmental factors
  • cognitive awareness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extrinsic in-hospital risk factors (falls)

A
  • Hospital admission >19 days
  • environmental
  • time of day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intrinsic in-hospital risk factors:

A
  • previous falls
  • dementia
  • delirium
  • medications
  • incontinence
  • postural hypotension
  • visual impairment
  • nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Falls risk assessment screening tools:

A
  • STRATIFY: developed in England
  • MORSE falls scale: developed in Canada
  • FRAT: developed by Peninsula Health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Falls prevention:

A
  • walking aids
  • use buzzer
  • keep bed in low position with wheels locked
  • ensure cords & tripping hazards are removed
  • railings and toilet grab bars
  • use non-skid footwear
  • regular toileting
  • safety-monitoring device
17
Q

Immediate response to fall:

A
  • Primary assessment: danger - cause, airway - cervical spine
  • Check for injuries (do not move patient)
  • monitor patient with frequent vital signs and GCS
  • complete incident report
17
Q

Define restraint:

A

Any aversive practice, device or action that interferes with a patient’s ability to make a decision or restricts their free movement

18
Q

General restraint devices:

A
  • Concave mattresses
  • Lap rugs with ties
  • Restrictive seating
  • Bed boundary markers
  • Skeletal support
19
Q

Perimeter restraints:

A
  • Exit doors that require opening via code/fob
  • Locked/closed exit doors in facility or activity area
  • Fenced areas with locked gates
20
Q

High-risk restraints:

A
  • Chemical (medications)
  • Removing mobility aids
  • Bed rails
21
Q

Person-to-peron restraints:

A
  • Physical force/hands on
  • Psychological measures
  • Verbal
22
Q

Alternatives to restraints:

A
  • increased surveillance
  • companionship
  • activities for patient
  • place unstable clients in supervised areas
  • reduce sedative medications
  • regularly take patients for walks

NUR5111 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions