neuro lecture 1

Question 1

axons in the CNS

Answer 1

tract, lemniscus, peduncle

Question 2

axons in the PNS

Answer 2

nerve

Question 3

small molecule neurotransmitters

Answer 3

glutamate (excitatory)
GABA (inhibitory)
acetylcholine

Question 4

monoamine neurotransmitters

Answer 4

dopamine (excitatory)
norepinephrine and epinephrine (excitatory)
seratonin (5-HT) (excitatory)

Question 5

neuropeptide neurotransmitters

Answer 5

ACTH and substance P

Question 6

anterior cerebral a. runs medially and enters the _____ , then arches posteriorly and follows the _____

Answer 6

longitudinal fissure; corpus callosum

Question 7

anterior cerebral a. supplies…

Answer 7

medial parts of frontal and parietal lobes;

Question 8

middle cerebral a. runs ____ into the ____ and divides into many branches

Answer 8

laterally; lateral sulcus

Question 9

middle cerebral a. supplies….

Answer 9

most of the lateral cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

perforating arteries supply….

Answer 10

basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus

Question 11

prior to joining basilar artery, each vertebral artery gives rise to:

Answer 11

1. posterior spinal a. - supplies posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
2. anterior spinal a. - supplies anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
3. PICA

Question 12

PICA supplies….

Answer 12

inferior cerebellum and lateral medulla

Question 13

basilar a. bifurcates at the ____ into _____

Answer 13

midbrain; 2 posterior cerebral arteries

Question 14

prior to bifurcation, the basilar a. gives rise to :

Answer 14

AICA and SCA

Question 15

AICA supplies….

Answer 15

anterior portions of the inferior surface of the cerebellum (flocculus) and caudal pons

Question 16

SCA supplies…

Answer 16

superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain, and rostral pons

Question 17

posterior cerebral a. branches supply…

Answer 17

medial and inferior surfaces of the temporal and occipital lobes

Question 18

PCA branches also supply….

Answer 18

rostral midbrain and posterior diencephalon

Question 19

the blood brain barrier consists of:

Answer 19

• tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells
• capillary basal lamina
• astrocyte foot processes

Question 20

landmarks of the caudal (closed) medulla cross-section

Answer 20

spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus, nucleus gracilis, fasciculus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus, fasciculus cuneatus, spinothalamic tract (STT), pyramids, and pyramidal decussation, central canal

Question 21

landmarks of the rostral (open) medulla cross section

Answer 21

pyramids, inferior olivary nucleus, medial lemniscus (feet down), fourth ventricle, hypoglossal nerve nucleus

Question 22

markers of caudal pons

Answer 22

inferior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, medial lemniscus, fourth ventricle, corticospinal tract

Question 23

markers of rostral pons

Answer 23

superior cerebellar peduncle, medial lemniscus, corticospinal tract, small ventricular space (opening of aqueduct)

Question 24

markers of caudal midbrain

Answer 24

inferior colliculus, CN IV nuclei, decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 25

markers of rostral midbrain

Answer 25

superior colliculus, CN III nuclei, red nucleus, substantia nigra