neuro lecture 1 Flashcards
axons in the CNS
tract, lemniscus, peduncle
axons in the PNS
nerve
small molecule neurotransmitters
glutamate (excitatory)
GABA (inhibitory)
acetylcholine
monoamine neurotransmitters
dopamine (excitatory)
norepinephrine and epinephrine (excitatory)
seratonin (5-HT) (excitatory)
neuropeptide neurotransmitters
ACTH and substance P
anterior cerebral a. runs medially and enters the _____ , then arches posteriorly and follows the _____
longitudinal fissure; corpus callosum
anterior cerebral a. supplies…
medial parts of frontal and parietal lobes;
middle cerebral a. runs ____ into the ____ and divides into many branches
laterally; lateral sulcus
middle cerebral a. supplies….
most of the lateral cerebral hemispheres
perforating arteries supply….
basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus
prior to joining basilar artery, each vertebral artery gives rise to:
- posterior spinal a. - supplies posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
- anterior spinal a. - supplies anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
- PICA
PICA supplies….
inferior cerebellum and lateral medulla
basilar a. bifurcates at the ____ into _____
midbrain; 2 posterior cerebral arteries
prior to bifurcation, the basilar a. gives rise to :
AICA and SCA
AICA supplies….
anterior portions of the inferior surface of the cerebellum (flocculus) and caudal pons
SCA supplies…
superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain, and rostral pons
posterior cerebral a. branches supply…
medial and inferior surfaces of the temporal and occipital lobes
PCA branches also supply….
rostral midbrain and posterior diencephalon
the blood brain barrier consists of:
- tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells
- capillary basal lamina
- astrocyte foot processes
landmarks of the caudal (closed) medulla cross-section
spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus, nucleus gracilis, fasciculus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus, fasciculus cuneatus, spinothalamic tract (STT), pyramids, and pyramidal decussation, central canal
landmarks of the rostral (open) medulla cross section
pyramids, inferior olivary nucleus, medial lemniscus (feet down), fourth ventricle, hypoglossal nerve nucleus
markers of caudal pons
inferior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, medial lemniscus, fourth ventricle, corticospinal tract
markers of rostral pons
superior cerebellar peduncle, medial lemniscus, corticospinal tract, small ventricular space (opening of aqueduct)
markers of caudal midbrain
inferior colliculus, CN IV nuclei, decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
markers of rostral midbrain
superior colliculus, CN III nuclei, red nucleus, substantia nigra
