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SP16 Anatomy > Neuro L7 > Flashcards

Neuro L7 Flashcards

1
Q

How many odors can humans detect?

A

10,000

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2
Q

Olfactory epithelium
Laterallity
Contents

A

Bilateral
3 million receptor cells
Bowman’s gland ducts
Sensory endings from CN V1 (irritants)

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3
Q

What is unusual about olfactory receptors

A

Lifespan of neuron is 1-2 months

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4
Q

Axons from olfactory receptors

Description

A

Among the thinnest and slowest

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5
Q

Axons from olfactory receptors collect into a series of bundles called

A

Olfactoy fila

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6
Q

Olfactory fila make up

A

CNI

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7
Q

Olfactory bulb and tract develops as an outgrowth of

A

Telencephalon

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8
Q

Each olfactory receptor sends an axon to

A

one glomerulus of a mitral cell

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9
Q

Collateral to anterior olfactory nucleus are thought to

A

regulate sensitivity of olfactory bulb

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10
Q

Pyriform area (3)

A

uncus
entorhinal area
limen insula

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11
Q

Lateral olfactory stria (primary olfactory area)

A

Cortex over amygdala and pyriform area

Pyriform area

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12
Q

Medial olfactory stria

A

Medial frontal lobe surface

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13
Q

Medial olfactory stria function

A

emotional response to smell

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14
Q

Olfactory association cortex

location

A

Orbital surface of frontal lobe and anterior insula

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15
Q

Olfactory information is sent to

A 
Hypothalamus
orbital cortex
amygdala (Uncus)
Thalamus
hippocampus
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16
Q

What is special about olfactory to the cortex

A

It does not stop in thalamus

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17
Q

Remembering smells

A

Projection from thalamus to association cortex????

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18
Q

Importance of fovea

A

eye muscles make sure fovea is on focal point of vision

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19
Q

Lens accounts for ____ of eyes refractive power

Major role

A

1/3

focusing for near/far objects

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20
Q

Most refraction is in

A

air-water interface at corneal surface

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21
Q

Iris

function

A

brightness and quality

22
Q

Pupillary sphincter vs dilator
Strength
arrangement

A 
Pupillary sphincter:
Stronger
Encircles pupil
Pupillary dilator:
Weaker
Radiating spokes
23
Q

Rhodopsin

A

low acuity, monochromatic in dim light

24
Q

Cone pigments

A

high acuity, color vision, need a lot of light

25
Q

Outer vs inner segment of rods and cones

A

Outer: contain visual pigment
Inner: mitochondria, synthesize pigment

26
Q

Most axons from optic tract travel to

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus (Thalamic relay for vision)

Then to primary visual cortex in calcarin suclus

27
Q

LGN structure

A

6 layer
146 contralateral
235 ipsilateral

28
Q

LGN projections in pirmary visual cortex

A

inferior visual fields are most superior radiations

Superior visual fields are most inferior radiations

29
Q

Other destinations for visual information

A

superior colliculus

Hypothalamus

30
Q

Hypothalamus function with visual information

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus get direct input

Master timer of circadian rhythm

31
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

loss of quarter of visual field

32
Q

Damage to chiasm causes ____ deficit

A

heteronymous

33
Q

Damage to optic tract causes deficit

A

Homonymous

34
Q

Oculomotor brain stem location

A

rostral midbrain

35
Q

Trochlear brain stem location

A

Caudal midbrain

36
Q

Abducens bran stem location

A

Caudal pons

37
Q

Pupillary light relfex

A

light
Retinal ganglion cells –> pretectal nuclei
Pretectal nuclei–> Edinger Westfal nuclei
EWN–>pregang parasymp–>ciliary ganglion
Postgang–>sphincter pupillae of iris

38
Q

To view an object up close

A

Ciliary muscles contract
Suspensory ligaments relax
Lens bulges

39
Q

CNIII injury

Affected eye

A 
Ipsilateral
Down and out because medial rectus is weak and lateral rectus is unopposed
Vertical impaired b/c weak
superior and inferior recti 
inferior oblique
Pupil does not constrict w/ light
40
Q

What is unique about the Trochlear nerve pathway

A

exit brainstem on dorsal surface

41
Q

What direction does superior oblique move the eye?

A

Down and laterally

42
Q

CNIV injury

A

affected eye point up
head tilts away from lesion
Diplopia when going down stairs or reading

43
Q

Facial colliculus

A

VI nucleus and internal genu

44
Q

CNIII
CNIV
CNVI
eye muscles

A 
III:
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique
IV:
Superior oblique
VI:
Lateral rectus
45
Q

Susceptibility of CNVI

A

long intracranial course–>susceptible to increased intracranial pressure–>Bilateral palsy

46
Q

Injury to VI nucleus symptoms

A

Ipsilateral
medial strabismus
lateral gaze paralysis

47
Q

Three main types of eye movement

A

Scanning: high speed from one target to another
Tracking: Smooth persuit
Compensation: gaze held on object during head movement

48
Q

Gaze centers location

A

Reticular formation (midbrain and pons)

49
Q

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

A

horizontal saccades

Each pulls eye ipsilaterally

50
Q

Rostral interstitial nuclei of MLF (riMLF)

A

Upward saccades

51
Q

Left PPRF activated by which field of vision

A

right frontal eye field

SP16 Anatomy (11 decks)

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