Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SP16 Anatomy > Neuro L3 > Flashcards

Neuro L3 Flashcards

1
Q

Brainstem functions (3)

A

Conduit: info goes to cortex and spinal cord
Cranial nerve:
Integrative functions: motor patterns, cardioresp. control, reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Caudal medulla contains

A

Central canal continuous with central canal of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rostral end of medulla contains

A

central canal expand into fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Obex

A

apex of fourth ventrical where it narrows to central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyramidal decussation
Interrupts
Contains
Bounded by

A

interrupts anterior median fissure
Contains corticospinal tract
Bounded by anterolateral sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Olive

A

Bulge created by inferior olivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CN associated with Medulla

A

IX, X, XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle
Part of
Forms much of roof of

A

Part of pons

Forms much of roof of fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

Connects

A

Connects 3rd and 4th ventrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Superior colliculus

location

A

Rostral midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inferior colliculus

location

A

Caudal midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cerebral peduncles
location
Type of matter

A

white matter at base of midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inferior brachium

Location

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All brainstem levels rostral to ____ have three levels

A

Obex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Three levels of brainstem rostral to obex

A

Tegmentum
Tectum
Stuff aded onto anterior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tegmentum

A

tissue anterior to ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tectum

A

Tissue posterior to ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Main fiber tract locations in brainstem (3)

A

corticospinal tract
Spinothalamic tract
Medial lemniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Corticospinal tract

Location

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spinothalamic tract

location

A

anterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Medial Lemniscus

location

A

medial but more variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Caudal medulla
Open or closed
Extends from ___ to ____

A

Closed medulla

Extends from pyramial decussation to obex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Caudal medulla landmarks (4)

A

Central canal
Gracile nuclei
Cuneate nuclei
Pyramidal decussation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rostral medulla landmarks (4)

A

Fourth ventricle
Inferior olivary nuclei
XII nucleus
Pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Caudal pons landmarks (4)

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Medial lemniscus
4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rostral pons landmarks (3)

A

superior cerebellar peduncle
Medial lemniscus close to spinothalamic tract
small ventricular space at aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Caudal midbrain landmarks (3)

A

Inferior colliculus
IV
Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rostral midbrain landmarks (4)

A

Superior colliculus
III
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sulcus limitans

A

separates sensory from motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Reticular formation important in regulation of (6)

A 
sleep/wakefulness
Posture
pain
internal environment
Motor behaviors
emotion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Longitudinal zones of reticular formation

A

Raphe
Medial
Lateral

32
Q

Medial zone
Size of neurons
Source of

A

large and small neurons

Source of most ascending and descending projections

33
Q 
Lateral zone
Prominent in (2)
Involved in (2)
A 
Prominent in
Rostral medulla
Caudal pons
Involved in
Cranial nerve reflexes
Visceral functions
34
Q

Medial reticulospinal tract
Begins in
sides
descends near ___ in ____

A

Begins in pons
Ipsilateral
Descends near medial longitudinal fasciculus in anterior funiculus

35
Q

Later reticulospinal tract
Begins in
sides
descends in

A

begins in medulla
descends bilaterally
in lateral funiculus

36
Q

Major alternative to corticospinal tract in regulating spinal motor neurons

A

Reticular formation

37
Q

Reticular formation influences spinal motor neurons (directly/indirectly)

A

directly

38
Q

Rhythmic motor patterns of brainstem reticular formation

A 
Swallowing/vomiting
Heart rate
Locomotion
Respiration
Mastication
Gaze centers
39
Q

Gaze Centers

Location and type

A

Midbrain: vertical gaze center
Pons: horizontal gaze center

40
Q

Responsible for mastication

Nucleus and location

A

Supratigeminal nucleus (pons)

41
Q

Medulla Vital center (3)

A

Swallowing/vomiting
Respiration
Heart rate

42
Q

Bruxism

A

jaw opening and jaw closing muscles are contracted at same time

43
Q

Peripheral causes theory of bruxism

A

(based on clinical)
Malocclusion
Movements in attempt to reach resting position

44
Q

Central causes theory of bruxism

A 
Sleep related dysfunctions
Input to supratrigeminal nucleus may be from
basal ganglia, 
lateral hypothalamus
central nucleus of amygdala
45
Q

Periaquaductal Gray receives pain info from

A

Spinomesencephalic fibers

46
Q

PAG gets behavior state info from

A

hypothalamus, cortex, amygdala

47
Q

Opiates work by activating

A

PAG-raphe at multiple levels

48
Q

Raphe can inhibit spinothalamic tract by

A

directly
activating interneurons
directly inhibit pain afferents

49
Q

Raphe uses ____ in synapses

A

serotonin

50
Q

For arousal and consciousness, ___ and ____ of RF project to ______ which projects to the ____

A

Midbrain and Pons
Thalamic intralaminar nuclei
Cortex

51
Q

_____ damage to the ___ RF results in prolonged coma

A

Bilateral damage to midbrain

52
Q

ARAS
name
roles

A

Ascending reticular activating system
Maintain consciousness
Sleep-wakefulness

53
Q

Chemicals in brainstem

A

norepinehphrine
dopamine
serotonin

54
Q

Chemicals in hypothalamus nuclei

A

histamine containing neurons

55
Q

Chemical in telencephalon nuclei

A

acetylcholine

56
Q

Norepinephrine nonadrenergic neurons in

A 
Medulla:
Solitary nucleus
Ventrolateral medulla
Rostral Pons:
Locus ceruleus
57
Q

Solitary nucleus, located in, uses this chemical for _____

A

medulla, norepinephrine for memory enhancement

58
Q

Ventrolateral medulla uses this chemical for _____

A

norepinephrine for pain regulation

59
Q

Locus ceruleus, located in, uses this chemical for

A

located in pons, norepinephrine for cortex attention

60
Q

Locus ceruleus releases norepinephrin in the cortex in response to _____ causing____ ____

A

novel environmental stimuli

Causing arousal, feeling of anticipation

61
Q

Trigeminal spinal nucleus and spinal cord release norepinephrine from _____ in order to _____

A

from ventrolateral medulla

Suppress incoming pain signals

62
Q

Low levels of norepinephrine can cause this condition

A

depression

63
Q

Parkinsons patients may suffer from ____ due to _____

A

depression due to loss of locus ceruleus neurons

64
Q

High levels of norepinephrin can cause

A

panic disorder

65
Q

Dopaminergic neurons in midbrain

A 
substantia nigra (putamen and caudate)
ventral tegmental area (limbic system)
66
Q

substantia nigra has ___ neurons involved in

A

Dopaminergic neurons
Motor activity
Parkinson deisease

67
Q

Ventral tegmental area has ___ neurons

A

dopaminergic

68
Q

Ventral tegmental area fibers

A

Mesocortical

Mesolimbic

69
Q

Mesocortical fibers
Part of this area
Involved in

A

Ventral tegmental area
Organized thinking, planning;
projections to front cortex

70
Q

Mesolimbic fibers
Part of this area
Involved in

A

Ventral tegmental area
Emotional reward
Drug dependency

71
Q

Schizophrenia components/causes

A

Social withdrawal: low levels of dopamine in prefrontal cortex
Hallucinations: high levels of dopamine in limbic system

72
Q

Serotonergic neurons located at _______ in raphe

A

pretty much all brainstem levels in raphe

73
Q

Midbrain raphe nuclei communicating w/ serotonin to regions of cortex results in

A

attention: inhibition of distracting stimuli
Hypothalamus: day-night cycle

74
Q

Serotonergic projections are extensive and numerous, especially to

A

sensory and limbic areas

75
Q

Low levels of serotonin can cause

A

high carb consumption, binge eating

76
Q

High levels of serotonin can cause

A

compulsive behavior/ anoreia nervosa

77
Q

How does reticular formation regulate spinal reflexes?

A

only noxious stimuli evoke a reflex

SP16 Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions