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SP16 Anatomy > Neuro L2 > Flashcards

Neuro L2 Flashcards

1
Q

Epineurium
Prominent around
Provides ____
Continuous with

A

prominent around nerve trunks
Provides tensile strength
Continuous with Dura

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2
Q

Perineurium
Continuous with
___-_____ barrier

A

Continuous with arachnoid

Blood-nerve barrier

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3
Q

Endoneurium

Surrounds

A

surrounds individual fibers

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4
Q 
Myelin Covers up to \_\_mm of axon
Produced by (CNS vs PNS)
A

1mm
Oligodendroglia: CNS
Schwann cells: PNS

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5
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Depolarization occurs at nodes in either direction

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6
Q 
Rank fiber diameter (largest to smallest)
Axons to Intrafusal fibers
Preganglionic autonomic
Lower motor neurons
Postganglioinc automic
A 
Lower motor neurons
Axons to intrafusal fibers
Preganglionic autonomic
Postganglionic autonomic (no myelin)
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7
Q

Nocireceptor

A

detects pain

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8
Q

Muscle spindles also act as this type of receptor

A

proprioreceptor

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9
Q

Two types of encapsulated receptors in muscle

Function

A

Muscle spindles: detect length

Golgi tendon organs: detect muscle tension

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10
Q

Conus medullaris

A

caudal end of spinal cord

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11
Q

Cervical enlargement level

A

C5-T1

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12
Q

Lumbar enlargement level

A

L2-S3

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13
Q

Segments of spinal cord

A 
Cervical: 8
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 1
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14
Q

Dorsal rootlets enter cord in

Ventral rootles exit cord in

A

Posterolateral sulcus

Anterolateral sulcus

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15
Q

Afferent fibers my terminate in ____ or _____

A

posterior horn or ascend to medulla

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16
Q

Motor neurons modulated by

A

descending fibers from rostral structures

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17
Q

Posterior intermediate sulcus
Levels
Divides what

A

C1-T5

divides posterior funiculi

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18
Q

Posterior intermediate sulcus separates

A

sensory fibers arising from
Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus

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19
Q

Sensory fibers from the leg

A

fasciculus gracilis

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20
Q

Sensory fibers from the arm

A

fasciculus cuneatus

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21
Q

Spinal cord gray matter: posterior horn

Consist mostly of

A

interneurons

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22
Q

Substantia gelatinosa
Located in (number)
Responsible for

A

Located in posterior horn gray matter (II)

Responsible for pain and temperature

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23
Q

Lissauer’rs tract
Associated with
What is it

A

Associated with substantia gelatinosa

Finely myelinated and unmyelinated fibers

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24
Q

Lamina I

A

Relays sensory signals

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25
Q

Lamina II

A

substantia gelatinosa (important for paint)

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26
Q

Lamina V

A

Relays sensory signals

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27
Q

Spinal cord gray matter posterior horn

What do they contain

A

contain Alpha/motor neurons that control skeletal muscle

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28
Q

Alpha motor neuron medial clusters go to

A

axial muscles

29
Q

Alpha motor neuron lateral clusters go to

A

limb muscles

30
Q

Two specialized columns in anterior horn gray matter at cervical levels

A

Spinal accessory nucleus

Phrenic nucleus

31
Q

Spinal accessory nucleus
location
forms what nerve

A

Caudal medulla to C5

Forms accessory nerve

32
Q

Phrenic nucleus
Innervates what
Vertebral location

A

Innervates diaphragm

C3, C4, C5

33
Q

Preganglionic sympathatic Neurons
Level
location
Axons leave through

A

T1-L2
intermediolateral cell column (gray matter)
Axons leave thru ventral roots

34
Q

Sacral parasympathetic nuclei
Level
Location
Axons leave thru____ to supply_____

A

S2-S4
No distinct horn
Axons leave thru anterior roots and supply pelvic viscera

35
Q

Clarke’s nucleus
Location
Level

A

medial surface of intermediate gray matter from T1-L2

36
Q

Clarke’s nucleus

Function

A

transmit proprioceptive info from leg to cerebellum

anterior spinocerebellar?

37
Q

Conus medullaris extends into

A

L1/L2 interspace

38
Q

Filum terminale
Contents
Location

A

Pia and arachnoid that extend from conus medullaris to coccyx

39
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

pia-arachnoid extensions that anchor spinal cord laterally

40
Q

How is the conus medullaris anchored

A

By the filum terminale to the end of the dural sheath and then to coccyx

41
Q

All reflexes include (3-4 b/c of exception)

A

receptor
Associated afferent neuron (cell body in DRG)
Efferent neuron( cell body in CNS)
Interneurons unless stretch reflex

42
Q

Stretch reflex contains ____ neurons ____ synapses

A

2 neurons 1 synapse

43
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz
Other name
Level

A

Great radicular artery

T12

44
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz
Most often branch of the
Supplies

A

branch of left posterior intercostal artery

Supplies entire lumbosacral cord (sometimes)

45
Q

Posterior spinal arteries supply (2)

A

posterior horns and dorsal columns

46
Q

Anterior spinal arteries supply (2)

A

anterior horns and lateral funiculi

47
Q

Spinal arteries upper vs lower supply

A

Supply upper cervical areas but are too small to supply other areas
Supplemented by radicular arteries at lower levels

48
Q

autonomic nervous system subdivisions

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric nervous system

49
Q

Difference between Parasympathetic/Sympathetic efferents and somatic efferents

A

P/S has two neuron chain/dont:
Preganglionic cell body in CNS
Postganglionic neuron in ganglion

50
Q

Preganglionic fibers vs postganglionic fibers

Myelin

A

Preganglionic: thin myelin
Postganglionic: unmeylinated

51
Q

Sympathetic ganglia vs parasympathetic ganglia

A

Sympathetic located near CNS

Parasympathetic located near innervated organ

52
Q

Neurotransmitters in S/P

A

Ach used in parasympathetic and 1st sympathetic synapse

NE used in 2nd sympathetic synapse

53
Q

Sympathetic travel vs parasympathetic travel

A

Sympathetic: travel in spinal nerve to sympathetic chain
Parasympathetic: travel in cranial and sacral nerves

54
Q

Cranial parasympathetics

A 
Look at notes, Slides 61-65
III
VII
IX
X
55
Q

Edinger-Westhphal nucleus

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus for CN III to pupillary constrictor muscle

56
Q

Sacral parasympathetic

Target tissues

A

Viscera from transverse colon to rectum including bladder

57
Q

Vagus nerve organs (7)

A 
heart
lungs
stomach
iver
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
58
Q

4 options for preganglionic fibers

A

Synapse in nearest ganglion
Ascend chain, synapse in SCG or MCG?
Descend, synapse in lumbar/sacral
Traverse chain, emerge as splanchnic

59
Q

What spinal levels contain white communicating rami?

A

T1-L2

60
Q

Postganglionic sympathetics reach head via

A

cervical ganglia and carotid plexus

61
Q

Horners syndrome
Symptoms
Caused by

A 
Ptosis: eyelid droop
Anhydrosis: dry skin
Endophthalmos: apparent sunken eye
Miosis: small pupil
Caused by pancoast tumor
62
Q

Only area with postganglionic sympathetic Ach

A

sweatglands

63
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neve boides project to (3)

A

Paravertebral chain
Prevertebral collateral
Adrenal medulla

64
Q

This type of receptor can be found in the walls of hollow organs

A

mechanoreceptors

65
Q

Carotid body is composed of these receptors

A

chemoreceptors

66
Q

Each spinal nerve innervates one dermatome except for

A

C1

67
Q

Filum terminale anchors _____ to _____ and then to _______

A

conus medullaris to end dural seath and then to coccyx

68
Q

What is the nipple level

A

T4

SP16 Anatomy (11 decks)

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