Neuro L1 Flashcards
5 Lobes
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal (limbic)
Precentral gyrus
Known as
origin of
Initiates
Primary motor cortex
origin of descending motor pathway
initiate voluntary movements
Premotor and supplemental motor areas
Made from
part of precentral
nearby portions of superior and middle frontal gyri
Broca’s area
location
function
inferior frontal gyrus of one hemisphere
production of spoken and written language
Parietal Lobe areas
Lateral: Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Inferior parietal lobule Medial: Precuneus Paracentral lobule
Postcentral gryus function
primary somatosensory (processing tactile and proprioceptive info)
Inferior parietal lobule
function
part of
usually left hemisphere: involved with language comprehension
part of wernike’s area
Rest of parietal cortex function
spatial orientation and directing attention
Temporal lobe areas
Lateral: Superior temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus Inferior: Occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus
Primary auditory cortex
Surface
part of
Superior surface of temporal lobe
part of superior temporal gyrus
Learning and Memory
Area of what lobe
Medial temporal lobe
Temporal lobe functions
primary auditory cortex
Language comprehension (post. left part of wernike’s)
Higher order visual processing
Learning and memory
Occipital lobe areas
Lateral: Lateral occipital gyrus Medial Cuneus gyrus Lingual gyrus
Primary visual cortex
banks of calcarine sulcus and bit of surrounding cortex
Limbic lobe areas
Cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
Limbic system functions
emotional responses
Drive related behaviors
memory
Insula
Deep inside ____ sulcus
Covered by
Deep inside lateral sulcus
Covered by frontal, parietal, temporal opercula
Insula overlies site where _____ and _____ fuse during development
telencephalon and diencephalon
Diencephalon
Four divisions
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus
Thalamus
type of mass
Ovoid gray matter mass w/ multiple nuclei
_____ is the only sensory information that reaches the cerebral corex without stopping at thalamus
Olfaction
Hypothalamus separated from thalamus by
hypothalamic sulcus in wall of third ventricle
Inferior surface of hypothalamus
mammillary bondies
______ Connects hypothalamus to pituitary
infundibular stalk
Brainstem subdivisions
midbrain
pons
medulla
CNI
Olfactory nerve
Not attached to brainstem
CNII
Optic nerve
Ends as optic tract in thalamus
CNIII
Emerges from
Oculomotor
emerges from interpeduncular fossa
CN IV
Emerges
Trochlear
Emerges from dorsal aspect of brainstem (only one)
CN V
Trigeminal
CN VI
Abducens
CN VII
Facial
CN VIII
Emerges from
Vestibulocochlear
Emerges from cerebellopontine angle
_____ reabsorbs CSF because CSF pressure venous pressure
Arachnoid villi
CSF pressure > venous pressure
CSF secreted by
choroid plexus
Three meningeal layers
Dura mater
arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Dura Mater
Layer
Characteristic
Outermost meningeal layer
toughest
Arachnoid mater
Layer
What lies between this and pia mater
Middle meningueal layer
CSF
Pia mater
Layer
Attached to
Innermost layer
attached to CNS
Leptomeninges
Arachnoid plus pia mater
Falx Cerebri location
between cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli location
between cerebrum and cerebellum
Supratentorial space
cerebrum
Infratentorial space
cerebellum and brainstem
Epidural hemorrhage due to
Causes blood in
tear of meningeal arteries
Blood between skull and dura
Subdural hemorrhage due to
Causes blood in
tear of bridge veins
Blood in inner most dural layer
At the edges of the dural reflections, the dural layers are (fused, not fused)
Not fused to allow for venous flow
Anterior cerebral artery
Runs ____ and enters
runs medially and enters longitudinal fissure
Anterior cerebral artery
Arches (anteriorly/posteriory) and follows ____
arches posteriorly and follows corpus callosm
Anterior cerebral artery supplies
medial parts of front and parietal loes
Middle cerebral artery
runs ____ into _____
Runs laterally into lateral sulcus
Middle cerebral artery supplies
most of lateral cerebral hemispheres
Perforating arteries
arise from
Numerous around (2)
arise from all arteries at base of brain
Numerous around optic chiasm and between cerebral peduncles
Perforating arteries
Involved in (2)
Supplies (3)
Involved in strokes and neurologiclal deficits
basal ganglia
Thalamus
Internal capsule
Vertebral arteries run along lateral _____ and fuse into basilar artery at the _____
Run along lateral medulla and fuse into basilar artery at pons
Prior to joints basial artery, VA gives rise to (3)
Posterior spinal artery
Anterial spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior spinal artery supplies
posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
Anterior spinal artery supplies
anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
Basilar artery bifurcates at ____ into
midbrain
2 posterior cerebral arteries
prior to bifurcaion, Basiallary artery gives rise to
AICA
SCA
AICA supplies (2)
Anterior inferior cerebellar supplies anterior portions of inferior surface of cerebellum (flocculus) and caudal pons
SCA supplies (3)
Superior cerebellar supplies
superior cerebellum
caudal midbrain
rostral pons
PCA supplies (4) W/ branches going to (2)
posterior cerebral supply Medial temporal inferior temporal medial occipital Inferior occipital Branches going to Rostral midbrain Posterior diencephalon
Blood brain barrier separates
CNS from blood
BBB includes
arachnoid
endothelial tight junctions
Lack of pinocytic vesicles
______ solubule substances go thru BBB
lipid solubles
Glucose crosses BBB thru
facilitated diffusion
Small molecule neurotransmitters (3)
Glutamate excite
GABA inhibit
ACh
Monoamines
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrin
Serotonin
Neuropeptides
ACTH
Substance P
Decussation
crosses midline and connects dissimilar areas
Commissure
crosses midline but connects similar areas
Frontal love functional areas
Precentral gyrus
Premotor/supplemental motor areas
Broca’s area
Prefrontal cortex
