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Neuro Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Major Divisions of the NS

A

CNS (brain & SC)

PNS- further divided into Somatic (sensory/motor) Autonomic (fight/flight) and Enteric (gut)

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2
Q

Soma

A

Cell Body

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3
Q

Neuron

A

Major target of pharmecuticals- fundamental unit of the NS for transforming and relaying electrical signals.

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4
Q

Astrocyte

A

Provides biochemical support of endothelial cells that form BBB. Supplies nutrients to NT

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5
Q

Oligliodendrocyte

A

Mylenate

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6
Q

Vasculature

A

Supply O2 and nutrients

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive signal

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8
Q

Axon Terminals (terminal boutons)

A

Make synaptic contact w/dendrites of the next neuron

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9
Q

Synaptic transmission typically occurs via

A

Axo-dendritic, Axo-somatic

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10
Q

Basic Elements of NT

A 
AP
Depolarization of axon terminal
influx of CA2+
Fusion of vesicles to terminal
Exocytosis
Binding of NT to postsynaptic receptors
Opening of ion gated channels
Reup/Degredation of NT
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11
Q

EPSP

A

Depolarization, more positive

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12
Q

IPSP

A

Hyperpolarization, more negative

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13
Q

Cholchicine

A

Drug which can inhibit the transport of NT to terminals

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14
Q

Snare Cycle

A

Synaptobrevin interacts w/target proteins- syntaxin and SNAP-25
Form a tight complex, w/munc18 binding
CA influx triggers release of NT
NSF and SNAP bind causing dissocation (ATP)

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15
Q

NT Structures

A

Amines, Purines, Monamines, AA’s, Endocannabinoids,Peptides

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16
Q

+ AA NT’s

A

Glutamate & Aspartate- EPSP

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17
Q
  • AA NT’s
A

GABA and Glycine- IPSP

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18
Q

Synethesis of GABA

A

Start w/Glutamate
L-Glutamic acid (GAD) GABA
GAD- glutamic acid decarboxylase

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19
Q

Catabolism of GABA

A

Breakdown by GABA-T

*transaminase

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20
Q

GABA Receptor subtypes

A

GABAA,GABAC (LG)

GABAB (GPCR)

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21
Q

Glycine MOA

A

Similar to GABA- increases Cl- Conductance

IN SC, not brain

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22
Q

GABA Reuptake

A

GAT1

gaba transporter into presynaptic neuron

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23
Q

Transport of GABA

A

GAT3- into glial cells

24
Q

Conversion of GABA to Glutamine

A

GS- glutamine synthetase

25
Q

Transport into GABAergic Neuron

26
Q

Package of GABA into vescile

27
Q

Major excitatory transmitter of the brain

A

Glutamic acid, Glutamate

28
Q

Receptor types of Glutamate

A

NMDA, AMPA, Kainate- Ligand gated ion channel receptors

mGluR 1-8 metabotropic- GPCR

29
Q

Means of inactivation- Glutamate

A

REup’s GLT1

30
Q

Transport into Glial cells- Glutamate

31
Q

Conversion to Glutamine- Glutamate

32
Q

Transport into GABAergic neuron- Glutamate

33
Q

Package into vesciles- Glutamate

34
Q

LTP

A

insertion of more AMPAR receptors (more glutamate)

receptor upregulation

35
Q

LTD

A

fewer receptors on the surface.

36
Q

Excitotoxicity

A

Due to too much calcium- can lead to:

Cell apoptosis, DNA damage, cytoskeletal damage

37
Q

ACh Synthesis

A

Choline uptake; choline acetyltransferase (adds acetyl group onto choline)

38
Q

Storage and release

A

in vesicle, CA2+ dependent exocytosis

39
Q

Inactivation of Acetylcholine

A

Cholinesterase hydrolysis; yields choline and acetate

NO Reup of ACh

40
Q

ACh Receptor Types

A

Nicotinic- LG

Muscarinic- GPCR M1-M5 Subtypes

41
Q

Ach Degregation enzyme

42
Q

Transport of ACh

43
Q

Conversion to ACh

44
Q

Packing Ach into vesicles

45
Q

ACh Pathways

A

Cholinergic- Ch5-Ch8 brain stem nucli

46
Q

Catecholamines are derived from

A

Tyrosine, taken up into neurons through active transport.

47
Q

Catecholamine synthesis

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase, adds OH
AADC Remooves COOH, NH2
~Dopamine –> Add OH to get NE –> Add methyl to get Epi

48
Q

Storage of Catecholamines

A

In vesicles, disrupted by reserpine

49
Q

Inactivation of Catecholamines

A

Reuptake, degreation by MAO, Catechol-O-methyltransferase COMT

50
Q

Reuptake of Catecholamines

51
Q

Packaging of Catecholamines

52
Q

Cathecholamines pathways in CNS

A

Locus ceruleus
Dopamine pathways- 5 receptors, GPCRs
Norepinephrine pathways- 9

53
Q

Seretonin

A 
AA precursor- tryptophan
Reup can be blocked by SSRI, TCA
Metabolized by MAO, DAO
Reup- SERT
Packed- VMAT2
54
Q

Seretonin Receptors

A

14 ID’d s far GPCR, LG

55
Q

Endocannabinoids

A

Retrograde transmission- goes backwards

PC/MC (8 decks)

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