AED Flashcards
T/F all seizures have convuslsion
False
Refractory Epilepsy
when epilepsy remains uncontrolled following polypharm.
Some risk factors of epilepsy:
No ID'd risk factors Family History Vascular lesions (Stroke) Head Trauama Birth Related Injuries Febrile Convulsions
Treatments of Epilepsy
Pharamcotherapies
Surgery
Ketogenic Diet
Implanted Device- Vagus nerve, or Deep brain stimulator
General Categories of AED
SV40
Ion channel ligands (NaV ~1.2)
Barbiturates
BZD’s
State Dependent Blockers of NAv channels
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine (also low efficacy 5HT Reuptake inhibitor)
Enhances Sodium Channel Inactivation
Depakote (also low efficacy block of CaV3 channels)
Vimpat- typically an additive
keep NA channels in an inactive state.
Stereoselective SV2A Binders (inhibitor?)
Levetiracetam- does not bind to NAv channels
Brivaracetam
Reduces NT release
VG-CA channel antagonists
Gabapentin- P/Q type CA2+ Channels. Reduces NT release
AMPA Antagonists
AMPA receptors are glutamanergic ion channels
PerAMPAnel- Non competative antagonist at post synaptic recepots
M-Current
Muscarine senstative ACh ligand gated GPCR Channels
KV7/KCNQ Potassium Channel
Voltage gated K+ Channel
Requires PIP2 For activation:
Hydrolysis of PIP2 decreases M-Current , which makes it harder for Kv7 channels to open, so K+ current reduce, Voltage increases. Makes it easier for epileptic seizures to start.
M-Current Activators
Retigabine- increases K+ flux, thus reduces RMP.
PAMs of GABAa
Benzos
Barbiturates
Benzos are used for
Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants
