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NUR350 > Neuro & Integument > Flashcards

Neuro & Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in Quick Neuro check?

A
  1. LOC
  2. Orientation
  3. Communication
  4. Motor Response
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2
Q

What state is described as may be awake but not fully attentive?

A

Lethargic

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3
Q

What state is described as sleeping all the time, one word answers or mumbling?

A

Obtunded

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4
Q

What state is described as spontaneously unconscious, vocalization limited to groan or mumble?

A

Stupor

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5
Q

What state is described as reflexive movement only but no deliberate or purposeful movement?

A

Coma

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6
Q

Arrector pili

A

muscle around hair follicle that contract to create goosebumps

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7
Q

Vellus hair

A

fine, faint hair that covers most of the body

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8
Q

Terminal hair

A

darker and thicker hair on scalp, eyebrows, axillae, pubic area

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9
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

produces sebum - a protective liquid substance used to lubricate skin and hair and prevents water loss

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10
Q

Eccrine glands

A

sweat gland, saline solution - sweat

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11
Q

Aprocrine gland

A

produces thick, milky secretion and open into hair follicles

causes body odor

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12
Q

What are some functions of the skin?

A
  1. protection
  2. prevention of penetration
  3. perception (sensory function)
  4. temperature regulation
  5. identification
  6. communication (blushing, pale)
  7. wound repair
  8. absorption and excretion of metabolic waste
  9. production of vit D
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13
Q

Lanugo

A

fine hairs that cover infants at birth

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14
Q

Vernix

A

white, lipidy substance made of sebum and epithelial cells, protects skin in utero

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15
Q

Milia

A

tiny bumps seen in newborns

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16
Q

Linea nigra

A

dark brown line down the abdomen in pregnant people, caused by hormones

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17
Q

Cholasma

A

hyperpigmentation on face - common in pregnant persons

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18
Q

Striae gravidarum

A

stretch marks

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19
Q

How does skin change with old age?

A
  • decreased elasticity
  • dry, winkles
  • decreased subcutaneous fat and muscle tone
  • decrease melanoctyes (causing white hairs)
  • hair distribution changes
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20
Q

Edema - mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling

A

1+

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21
Q

Edema - moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly

A

2+

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22
Q

Edema - deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, limb looks swollen

A

3+

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23
Q

Edema - very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time

A

4+

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24
Q

ABCDE of pigmented lesions

A 
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Colour variation
Diameter greater than 6 mm
Elevation and evolution
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25
Q

Annular

A

circular (ringworm)

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26
Q

confluent

A

growing into one another, merge together

27
Q

discrete

A

on it’s own (acne)

28
Q

grouped

A

clustered but not growing into each other

29
Q

gyrate

A

twisted, coiled, snake-like

parasitic skin infection

30
Q

target

A

ring with target centre (lyme disease)

31
Q

linear

A

in a line, a stratch

32
Q

polycyclic

A

annular region that begin to grow together (psoriasis)

33
Q

zosteriform

A

linear arrangement along a nerve route

34
Q

macule

A

solely colour change, flat, less than 1 cm

35
Q

patch

A

macules greater than 1 cm

36
Q

papule

A

elevated, thickening epidermis, less than 1 cm (mole)

37
Q

plaque

A

papules that coalesce to form surface elevation, greater than 1 cm (psoriasis)

38
Q

nodule

A

solid, elevated, into the dermis, less than 1cm

39
Q

tumour

A

extends into dermis, greater than 1 cm

40
Q

wheal

A

raised, transient, irregular shaped because of edema (mosquito bite)

41
Q

urticaria

A

wheals that come together, pruritic (hives)

42
Q

vesicle

A

blister elevated cavity containing fluid, up to 1 cm (shingles)

43
Q

bulla

A

single-chambered, epidermis, greater than 1 cm (burn, blister)

44
Q

cyst

A

encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis

45
Q

pustule

A

cavity filled with pus, elevated (acne)

46
Q

crust

A

thickened, dried out exudate

47
Q

scale

A

desiccated (dried out) flakes of skin

48
Q

fissure

A

any crack in skin

49
Q

erosion

A

shallow depression, epidermis lost

50
Q

ulcer

A

deep depression into dermis, irregular shape, leaves scar

51
Q

excoriation

A

self inflicted abrasion

52
Q

scar

A

connective tissue replacing normal tissue after repair

53
Q

atrophic scar

A

depression of skin due to loss of tissue (striae)

54
Q

lichenification

A

thickening of skin, packed sets of papules

55
Q

keloid

A

hypertrophic scar, excess scar tissue

56
Q

hemangioma

A

large, flat patch, reddish or bluish

caused by a benign increase in blood vessels in dermis

57
Q

port-wine stain

A

usually covering scalp or face, formed from mature capillaries

58
Q

strawberry mark

A

raised, bright red area about 2-3 cm

59
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

reddish blue, irregularly shaped, spongy mass of vessels

60
Q

telangiectases

A

appearance of blood vessels on skin surface, vascular dilatation

61
Q

spider or star angioma

A

red, star-shaped marking with solid circular centre

62
Q

venous lake

A

blue-purple dilatation of venules and capillaries

63
Q

purpuric petechiae

A

tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1-3mm, round and discrete

64
Q

purpura

A

extensive patch of confluent petechiae, greater than 3mm,

blood leak from capillaries

NUR350 (27 decks)

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