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NUR350 > Cardiovascular & Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular & Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Veins do not reply on pumps, they rely on 3 mechanisms to keep blood flowing:

A

a. contracting skeletal muscles
b. pressure gradient
c. intraluminal valves

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2
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains

A

right side of head, neck, arm right side of thorax, right lung and pleura

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3
Q

The thoracic duct drains

A

the rest of the body

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4
Q

Lymph flow is propelled by

A

a. contracting skeletal muscles
b. pressure gradient
c. contracting of the vessels themselves

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5
Q

Cervical nodes drain

A

head and neck

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6
Q

Axillary nodes drain

A

breast and upper arm

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7
Q

Epitrochlear nodes drain

A

hand and lower arm

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8
Q

Inguinal nodes drain

A

lymph of lower extremities

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9
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

clot in a vein, usually in leg, causing swelling and inflammation below the blockage site

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10
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease

A

circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to limbs

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11
Q

Pericardium

A

tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart

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12
Q

Endocardium

A

thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the chambers and valves

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13
Q

Describe the diastole phase

A

ventricles relax and fill with blood, AV valves are open

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14
Q

Isometric Relaxation

A

when all valves are closed and ventricles are relaxed

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15
Q

Protodiastolic filling

A

passive filling stage, blood pouring from atria to ventricles

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16
Q

Presystole/Atrial Systole

A

active filling stage, atria contract and push last amount of blood into ventricles

17
Q

Describe the systole phase

A

contraction, blood is pumped from the ventricles and fills the pulmonary and systemic arteries
AV valves are CLOSED

18
Q

What makes the S1 sound?

A

Closure of the AV valves (after ventricles are filled)

19
Q

What makes the S2 sound?

A

Closure of the semilunar valves (after ventricles are emptied)

20
Q

Isovolumetic Contraction

A

a brief moment when ventricles are filled and both AV valves and semilunar valves are closed

21
Q

Where is S1 loudest?

Where is S2 loudest?

A

S1 is loudest at apex (apical)

S2 is loudest at the base

22
Q

Split S2

A

caused by aortic valve closing significantly earlier than pulmonic valve

23
Q

S3

A

occurs during diastole

ventricles are resistant to filling

24
Q

S4

A

occurs at the end of diastole

ventricles resistant to filling

25
Q

Murmur (bruit)

A

a blowing or swooshing, signals turbulent blood flow, collision currents

26
Q

Conditions that may result in murmur (three)

A
  1. increase in velocity of blood flow (speed)
  2. decreases in viscosity of blood (thickness)
  3. structural defects in valves or unusual openings in chambers
27
Q

Cardiac output

A

the amount of blood being pumped by the heart per minute

28
Q

Stoke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected from the heart

29
Q

On average, how much blood gets pumped by the heart per minute?

A

4-6litres

30
Q

Preload

A

the length to which the ventricle must stretch just before contraction

31
Q

Afterload

A

the pressure the ventricles must generate in order to open the valves and eject the blood

32
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

an opening in the atrial septum, closes within the first hour after birth

33
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

opening between pulmonary artery to aorta, closes within 10-15 hours after birth

34
Q

In pregnant women, peripheral vasodilation causes blood pressure to increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

35
Q

In aging adults, the left ventricular wall ______

A

Thickens

36
Q

Orthopnea

A

a need to assume more upright position to breathe

37
Q

How should murmurs be described?

A
  1. Timing
  2. Loudness
  3. pitch/frequency
  4. Pattern
  5. Quality
  6. Location
  7. Radiation
  8. Posture
38
Q

Nocturia

A

urge to pee in the middle of night

NUR350 (27 decks)

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