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Year 3 - Exams > Neuro Extras 2 > Flashcards

Neuro Extras 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What would a damage to cranial nerve 3 cause?

A

Complete unilateral ptsosis Pupil dilated and fixed eye faces down and lateral

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2
Q

What is the condition where the eye reacts normal to accommodation but not to light?

A

Argyll robertson pupil

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3
Q

What is the cause of Argyll robertson pupil?

A

Seen in diabetics but also a characteristic of neurosyphilis

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4
Q

What is Bells palsy?

A

Damage to the 7th cranial nerve Lower motor neuron lesion leading unilateral paralysis of the face

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5
Q

If there is a lesion in cranial nerve 12, does the tongue point away or towards the lesion?

A

Towards

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6
Q

If there is a lesion in cranial nerve 9 or 10, does the uvula point away or towards the lesion?

A

away

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7
Q

What do you look for in general inspection of cranial nerves?

A

The face for Asymmetry Atrophy Random eye movement Paralysis of the face

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8
Q

What is horners syndrome?

A

Results from an interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the eye

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9
Q

What is the triad symptoms of Horners syndrome?

A

Miosis (constricted pupil) Partial ptsosis Unilateral anihydrous

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10
Q

What muscle does cranial nerve 4(trochlear ) control? What movement does that control?

A

Superior oblique and movement of down

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11
Q

What muscle does cranial nerve 6(abducen) control? What movement does that control?

A

Lateral rectus Movement of the eyes right –> laterally

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12
Q

If there is a jaw jerk reflex is it UMN or LMN lesion?

A

UMN

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13
Q

What is conductive deafness?

A

Defect of sound transmission to the spiral ganglion

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14
Q

What is Sensorineural deafness?

A

Defect of the spiral ganglion and/or cochlear nerve

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15
Q

In Sensorineural deafness will sound be louder in air or via bone in rines test?

A

Bone

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16
Q

Give two diseases that cause constriction of pupil?

A

Argyll robertson pupil Horners syndrome

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17
Q

Give a diseases that cause dilation of the pupil?

A

holmes adie pupil

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18
Q

What are you looking for in general observation of lower and upper exam?

A

Scars Wasting of muscles Involuntary movement Fasciculations Tremor

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19
Q

What is a cause of decreased tone

A

LMN lesion or cerebellar lesion

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20
Q

What is a cause of increased tone?

A

UMN lesion

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21
Q

What is felt in UMN lesion in tone?

A

spasticity–> initial increase in resistance then decrease

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22
Q

What is felt in basal gaglia lesion in tone?

A

Led pipe rigidity

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23
Q

In parkinsons what is the type of tremor?

A

Cog wheel rigidity which is tremor superimposing led pipe rigidity

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24
Q

What does babinski sign indicate?

A

UMN lesion if the toes extend

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25
Q

What nerve roots for patella reflex?

A

L3/4

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26
Q

What nerve roots for ankle jerk reflex?

A

S1/2

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27
Q

What nerve roots for babinski sign?

A

S1

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28
Q

What are the end pieces of lower neuro exam?

A

Romberg and Gait

29
Q

What does a positive romberg test indicate?

A

Cerebellar lesion if you wobble when eyes open

30
Q

In romberg test if positive once eyes closed what is the indication?

A

Sensory ataxia

31
Q

What is positive pronator drift sign a indication of?

A

UMN lesion–> the arm will pronate and fall

32
Q

What lesion causes lose of rebound phenomenon?

A

Cerebellar lesion

33
Q

What does clonus indicate?

A

UMN lesion

34
Q

What is the cerebellar symptoms?

A

Dysdiadochokinesis Ataxia Nystagmus Intentional tremor and past pointing Slurred speech Hypotonic

35
Q

What causes UMN lesion?

A

Blunt trauma, stroke and tumour

36
Q

If you have a UMN lesion is extension or flexion weaker in a) arm b)leg

A

A) Extension weaker than flexion B) Flexion weaker than extension

37
Q

Explain the grading power?

A

5= normal 4= slight weakness of power 3=movement possible against gravity but not resistance 2= movement possible if eliminate gravity 1= slight movement 0= no movement

38
Q

Describe the reflex ladder?

A

0= absent += present with reinforcement needed 1= present but dappended 2= normal 3= increased 4= clonus

39
Q

What is the SNOOP mnemonic for red flag of headache symptoms?

A

Systemic symptoms–> fever , neck stiffness Neurological symptoms–> ataxia, pralysis Onset recent or recurrent–> important for <40 Other associated symptoms–> with trauma, Past headaches –> different or same

40
Q

What fingers are abducted in the upper neuro examination?

A

o First dorsal interosseous (FDI) (index) o Abductor digiti minimi (ADM) (small finge)

41
Q

What is the finger nose test assessing?

A

If their is any past pointing or intentional tremors

42
Q

What is rebound phenomenon testing?

A

Your antagonist muscle If you fail to stop your hand then you have a cerebellar disease

43
Q

What nerves are involved in bicep reflex?

A

C5/6

44
Q

What nerves are involved in supinator reflex?

A

C5/6

45
Q

What nerves are involved in tricep reflex?

A

C6/7

46
Q

What does Proprioception test indicate?

A

Intact joint position sense is intact

47
Q

What is the SOCRATES for migraine?

A

o S: unilateral type of headache o O: Gradual o C: Pulsating/throbbing o R:start one side then spread to whole head and neck o A: Nausea/vomiting, blurred vision o T: 4 to 72 hrs o E: Bright light, loud sound, food triggers o S: moderate to severe

48
Q

What is the SOCRATES for tension headache?

A

o S: Generalized o O: gradual o C: tight band o R: arise from the neck o A: stress o T: few hours o E: Stress o S: moderate

49
Q

What is the SOCRATES for cluster headache?

A

o S: unilateral o O: Gradual o C: specific to one eye  feel like you want to gouge your eye out key symptom o R: Lacrimation flow of tears o A: o T: 6 to 12-week period of cluster headaches  Each lasting 30 to 60 minutes o E: Agitation, they move around and hit there head to try and get rid of the pain o S: severe

50
Q

What is the characteristics of syncope?

A

o Short duration o Rapid onset o Spontaneous complete recovery

51
Q

What questions you ask when patient has lost of consciousness?

A

o Was LOC complete o Was LOC transient with rapid onset with short duration o Did patient recover spontaneously, completely without sequel? o Did patient loose postural tone

52
Q

What is the most common syncope?

A

Vasovagal syncope

53
Q

What does vasovagal syncope occur?

A

o Occurs when you faint because your body overreacts to certain triggers, such as the sight of blood or extreme emotional distress

54
Q

What is key facts you need to get from a syncope history?

A

o Position o Activity  was it exercise induced, or were you sitting down o Predisposing factors  What happened that day o Onset o Eye witness o Background history

55
Q

What is carotid syncope?

A

o Massage both carotid bodies on your neck together  pass out o More common in elderly

56
Q

How do you treat carotid syncope?

A

Pace maker

57
Q

What is ictus mean?

A

period of which seizures occur in

58
Q

What does Postictal mean?

A

Period after seizure but before patient has returned to baseline mental state

59
Q

What is key questions to ask in epileptic seizure history?

A

• The trigger • Is it your 1st Seizure • Response to treatment • Seizure frequency • Any warnings or symptoms • How many times have you visited ED • What follows the seizure • What happens during seizure

60
Q

What are the key associated symptoms for headache?

A

Fever=meningitis Rash= meningitis Nausea +Vomiting= ICP Worse on lying down or coughing=ICP Neck stiffness =menin Fits/faints Loss of consciousness Blurred vision Jaw in the temporal region/jaw when moving Photophobia Thunderclap= worse after 5 minutes (SAH) Disrupting the sleep= ICP Any weakness in the body or face= stroke

61
Q

In a headache history what questions do you ask about associated causes of the headache?

A

Cheese, coffee, bright light Smack your head Does sitting in a dark room make it better

62
Q

In radiation of a headache what do you want to ask?

A

Spread to the neck Behind the eye Unilateral or bilateral Tight band?

63
Q

What are the key red flags for acute angle glaucoma with headache history?

A

Blurred vision N+V Eye pain Red eye

64
Q

What are the key red flag questions to distinguish ICP in headache history?

A

Worse when lying down or coughing wakes you up at night? Nausea and vomiting

65
Q

How to identify meningitis headache?

A

Fever with worsening headahce Neck stiffness Rash Photophobia N+V Altered mental state ( more confused)

66
Q

What questions do identify temporal arteritis in headahce history?

A

Temporal pain Pain with jaw movement unilateral or bilateral

67
Q

Key questions for SAH headachce?

A

Thunder clap Worse headache Occipital region Blurred vision Neck stiffness Vomiting/blurred vision

68
Q

In all general vague headache history what question should you ask?

A

MOOD!!!!!!!!1

69
Q

In what type of lesion do you get fasciculations and atrophy of the muscles?

A

Lower

Year 3 - Exams (25 decks)

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